18. Four rules for well-being in this world and the next
On one occasion the Most Excellent Lord was living the life of religion in the dwelling place of the demon Ālāvaka in the country of Ālavī when Alāvaka asked him how one could increase one's well-being both in the present world and in the next. The Lord replied:
တစ္ရံေရာအခါ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားသည္ အာဠ၀ီျပည္ အာဠ၀ကဘီလူး၏ ဗိမာန္၌ သီတင္း သုံးေနစဥ္ ဤပစၥဳပၸန္ တမလြန္ ႏွစ္တန္ေသာေလာက၌ ေကာင္းရာေကာင္းေၾကာင္း စီးပြါး ဥစၥာတုိးတက္ရန္ အေၾကာင္းကုိ အာဠ၀ကဘီးလူးက ေမးေလွ်ာက္ရာ ေျဖေတာ္မူ လုိ ေသာ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားသည္-
That is to say: There are four principles: first, speaking truth to everyone, whether they are devoted to religion or are searchers for sensual pleasure; next, skill and knowledge; next, unremitting energy; and fourth, discarding and giving away all possessions - one's life itself in wartime.
One who practises these principles need have no anxiety about passing from this world to the next.
သဒၶါတရားႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံ၍၊ ကာမဂုဏ္စည္းစိမ္ကုိ ရွာမွီးေသာ သူမွာ အမွန္အကန္ေျပာဆုိ ျခင္းသစၥာ၊အတတ္ပညာ၊ မျပတ္အားထုတ္ေသာ လုံ႔လ ၀ီရိယဟူေသာဓိတိ၊ ဥစၥာကုိေပးကမ္း စြန္႔ႀကဲ ျခင္း၊ စစ္ေရးစစ္ရာ၌ အသက္ကုိေသာ္လည္း စြန္႔ျခင္း စာဂ၊ ဤတရားေလးပါးရွိခဲ့ေသာ္ ဤေလာကမွတမလြန္ ေလာကသုိ႔ေရာက္၍လည္း မစုိးရိမ္ မပူပန္ရ။
Demon Ālāvaka! I, your Lord, urge you! Ask any of the many arahantas and Brahmans if there is any principle that can truly be thought higher in the world than the four of true speech, skill and knowledge, never ceasing diligence, and discarding property, including one's own life.
အုိ..အာဠာ၀ကဘီလူး! ငါဘုရား သင့္ကုိ တုိက္တြန္းပါရေစ၊ဤေလာက၌ အကယ္၍ သစၥာ၊ အတတ္ပညာ၊ စာဂ၊ ဓိတိထက္ သာလြန္ေသာတရား ရွိသည္ဟု ထင္ျငားအံ့၊ ငါမွအျခားေသာ ရဟန္းပညာရွိ၊ျဗဟၼဏပညာရွိတုိ႔ကုိ ေမးေလဦးေလာ့။
Both in this present world and in the next, these four principles are those which lead to well-being.
The four principles then are:
ဤပစၥဳပၸန္ေလာက၌လည္းေကာင္း၊ ေနာင္တမလြန္ေလာက၌လည္းေကာင္း၊ေကာင္းရာ ေကာင္းေၾကာင္းတရားကား ေလးပါး ရွိ၏။ ေလးပါးဟူေသာ္ကား -
1. Saccha - speaking the truth
2. Dhamma - the acquisition of skill and wisdom;
3. Dhiti- the complete performance of incumbent duties without idleness, without evasion, and without interruption
4. Cāga - the giving away of property at any time when it is right to give property away and to discard it; particularly in wartime when it is right to give up one's own life to throw it away without favouring oneself.
၁။ အမွန္အကန္ေျပာဆုိျခင္း သစၥာလည္း တစ္ပါး၊
၂။ အတတ္ပညာဟူေသာ ဓမၼလည္း တစ္ပါး၊
၃။ ျပဳခင္းျပဳဖြယ္ကိစၥမ်ားကုိ အပ်င္းမရိ၊မခုိမကပ္၊မျပတ္လုံ႔လထုတ္ျခင္း ဓိတိလည္း တစ္ပါး။
၄။ ဥစၥာပစၥည္းျဖင့္ ေပးကမ္းသင့္ေသာအရာ၌ ဥစၥာပစၥည္းကုိေပးကမ္းစြန္႔ႀကဲျခင္း၊ အသက္ကုိစြန္႔သင့္ေသာ စစ္ေရးစစ္ရာ၌ ကုိယ္ အသက္ကုိမငဲ့ကြက္ စြန္႔လႊတ္ျခင္း စာဂလည္း တစ္ပါး။ ဤေလးပါးတည္း။
These are the four principles and the meaning of the verse is that in this world there exists no higher principle than these.
If you do not believe this that the Lord himself has said, you may ask any other learned arahanta or learned Brahman.
ေလာက၌ဤေလးပါးထက္ေကာင္းေသာတရားမည္သည္မရွိ။ ဤတရားေလးပါးသည္ ေလာက၌ေကာင္းေၾကာင္းဟူ၍ ငါဘုရားေဟာေတာ္မူသည့္အရာကုိ မယုံေသးလွ်င္ ငါဘုရားမွတစ္ပါး ေလာက၌မ်ားစြာေသာ ရဟန္းပညာရွိ၊ ျဗဟၼဏ ပညာရွိတုိ႔ကုိ ေလးေလဦးေတာ့ ဟု ဆုိလုိသည္။
After the most Excellent Lord had said this, the demon Ālāvaka praised the verse and pronounced this gāthā
ဤသုိ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားေဟာေတာ္မူသည္ကုိ အာဠ၀ကဘီလူးက ဟုတ္လွေပသည္ဟု ခ်ီးမြမ္းလုိရကား -
That is to say: "When you, Lord, have spoken, should I ask any arahanta or Brahman other than my Lord? There will be benefit in the world to come and today I have realised that benefit.”
ယခု အဘယ့္ေၾကာင့္လွ်င္ ဘုရားမွတစ္ပါး ေလာက၌မ်ားစြာေသာ ရဟန္းပညာရွိ၊ ျဗဟၼဏပညာရွိတုိ႔ကုိ ေမးေတာ့အံ့နည္း၊ တမလြန္၌ျဖစ္ေသာ အက်ိဳးရွိေသာတရားကုိ ကၽြနု္ပ္ ယေန႔ပင္ သိလုိက္ရပါၿပီ။
က်မ္းကုိး ---
သုတၱနိပါတ၊ ၁.ဥရဂ၀ဂၢ၊ ၁၀.အာဠ၀ကသုတ္ ႏွာ -၃၀၇
On one occasion the Most Excellent Lord was living the life of religion in the dwelling place of the demon Ālāvaka in the country of Ālavī when Alāvaka asked him how one could increase one's well-being both in the present world and in the next. The Lord replied:
တစ္ရံေရာအခါ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားသည္ အာဠ၀ီျပည္ အာဠ၀ကဘီလူး၏ ဗိမာန္၌ သီတင္း သုံးေနစဥ္ ဤပစၥဳပၸန္ တမလြန္ ႏွစ္တန္ေသာေလာက၌ ေကာင္းရာေကာင္းေၾကာင္း စီးပြါး ဥစၥာတုိးတက္ရန္ အေၾကာင္းကုိ အာဠ၀ကဘီးလူးက ေမးေလွ်ာက္ရာ ေျဖေတာ္မူ လုိ ေသာ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားသည္-
That is to say: There are four principles: first, speaking truth to everyone, whether they are devoted to religion or are searchers for sensual pleasure; next, skill and knowledge; next, unremitting energy; and fourth, discarding and giving away all possessions - one's life itself in wartime.
One who practises these principles need have no anxiety about passing from this world to the next.
သဒၶါတရားႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံ၍၊ ကာမဂုဏ္စည္းစိမ္ကုိ ရွာမွီးေသာ သူမွာ အမွန္အကန္ေျပာဆုိ ျခင္းသစၥာ၊အတတ္ပညာ၊ မျပတ္အားထုတ္ေသာ လုံ႔လ ၀ီရိယဟူေသာဓိတိ၊ ဥစၥာကုိေပးကမ္း စြန္႔ႀကဲ ျခင္း၊ စစ္ေရးစစ္ရာ၌ အသက္ကုိေသာ္လည္း စြန္႔ျခင္း စာဂ၊ ဤတရားေလးပါးရွိခဲ့ေသာ္ ဤေလာကမွတမလြန္ ေလာကသုိ႔ေရာက္၍လည္း မစုိးရိမ္ မပူပန္ရ။
Demon Ālāvaka! I, your Lord, urge you! Ask any of the many arahantas and Brahmans if there is any principle that can truly be thought higher in the world than the four of true speech, skill and knowledge, never ceasing diligence, and discarding property, including one's own life.
အုိ..အာဠာ၀ကဘီလူး! ငါဘုရား သင့္ကုိ တုိက္တြန္းပါရေစ၊ဤေလာက၌ အကယ္၍ သစၥာ၊ အတတ္ပညာ၊ စာဂ၊ ဓိတိထက္ သာလြန္ေသာတရား ရွိသည္ဟု ထင္ျငားအံ့၊ ငါမွအျခားေသာ ရဟန္းပညာရွိ၊ျဗဟၼဏပညာရွိတုိ႔ကုိ ေမးေလဦးေလာ့။
Both in this present world and in the next, these four principles are those which lead to well-being.
The four principles then are:
ဤပစၥဳပၸန္ေလာက၌လည္းေကာင္း၊ ေနာင္တမလြန္ေလာက၌လည္းေကာင္း၊ေကာင္းရာ ေကာင္းေၾကာင္းတရားကား ေလးပါး ရွိ၏။ ေလးပါးဟူေသာ္ကား -
1. Saccha - speaking the truth
2. Dhamma - the acquisition of skill and wisdom;
3. Dhiti- the complete performance of incumbent duties without idleness, without evasion, and without interruption
4. Cāga - the giving away of property at any time when it is right to give property away and to discard it; particularly in wartime when it is right to give up one's own life to throw it away without favouring oneself.
၁။ အမွန္အကန္ေျပာဆုိျခင္း သစၥာလည္း တစ္ပါး၊
၂။ အတတ္ပညာဟူေသာ ဓမၼလည္း တစ္ပါး၊
၃။ ျပဳခင္းျပဳဖြယ္ကိစၥမ်ားကုိ အပ်င္းမရိ၊မခုိမကပ္၊မျပတ္လုံ႔လထုတ္ျခင္း ဓိတိလည္း တစ္ပါး။
၄။ ဥစၥာပစၥည္းျဖင့္ ေပးကမ္းသင့္ေသာအရာ၌ ဥစၥာပစၥည္းကုိေပးကမ္းစြန္႔ႀကဲျခင္း၊ အသက္ကုိစြန္႔သင့္ေသာ စစ္ေရးစစ္ရာ၌ ကုိယ္ အသက္ကုိမငဲ့ကြက္ စြန္႔လႊတ္ျခင္း စာဂလည္း တစ္ပါး။ ဤေလးပါးတည္း။
These are the four principles and the meaning of the verse is that in this world there exists no higher principle than these.
If you do not believe this that the Lord himself has said, you may ask any other learned arahanta or learned Brahman.
ေလာက၌ဤေလးပါးထက္ေကာင္းေသာတရားမည္သည္မရွိ။ ဤတရားေလးပါးသည္ ေလာက၌ေကာင္းေၾကာင္းဟူ၍ ငါဘုရားေဟာေတာ္မူသည့္အရာကုိ မယုံေသးလွ်င္ ငါဘုရားမွတစ္ပါး ေလာက၌မ်ားစြာေသာ ရဟန္းပညာရွိ၊ ျဗဟၼဏ ပညာရွိတုိ႔ကုိ ေလးေလဦးေတာ့ ဟု ဆုိလုိသည္။
After the most Excellent Lord had said this, the demon Ālāvaka praised the verse and pronounced this gāthā
ဤသုိ႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားေဟာေတာ္မူသည္ကုိ အာဠ၀ကဘီလူးက ဟုတ္လွေပသည္ဟု ခ်ီးမြမ္းလုိရကား -
That is to say: "When you, Lord, have spoken, should I ask any arahanta or Brahman other than my Lord? There will be benefit in the world to come and today I have realised that benefit.”
ယခု အဘယ့္ေၾကာင့္လွ်င္ ဘုရားမွတစ္ပါး ေလာက၌မ်ားစြာေသာ ရဟန္းပညာရွိ၊ ျဗဟၼဏပညာရွိတုိ႔ကုိ ေမးေတာ့အံ့နည္း၊ တမလြန္၌ျဖစ္ေသာ အက်ိဳးရွိေသာတရားကုိ ကၽြနု္ပ္ ယေန႔ပင္ သိလုိက္ရပါၿပီ။
က်မ္းကုိး ---
သုတၱနိပါတ၊ ၁.ဥရဂ၀ဂၢ၊ ၁၀.အာဠ၀ကသုတ္ ႏွာ -၃၀၇
