22. The benefits of the divestment that is called cāga
Discarding and giving away wealth and property is known as cāga. It is included in the four rules of sangaha that apply to all peoples. It is also included in the ten duties of kingship and is the pāramī perfection of dāna.
ဥစၥာပစၥည္းကုိ စြန္႔ႀကဲေပးကမ္းျခင္း စာဂမည္သည္ ခပ္သိမ္းေသာသူတုိ႔ႏွင့္ ဆက္ဆံ ေသာ သဂၤဟတရားေလးပါးတြင္ ပါ၀င္၏။ မင္းက်င့္တရား ဆယ္ပါးတြင္လည္း ပါ၀င္၏။ ဒါနပါရမီလည္း ျဖစ္၏။
In this world there is no one who will not act appropriately in any situation if an authority does not complete its function of charity to the extent that it should.
ေလာက၌အလုပ္အေဆာင္ မႈခင္းျပဳဖြယ္ကိစၥရွိသမွ်ကုိ အစုိးရပင္ျဖစ္ေစကာမူ၊ တန္ ေလာက္ေအာင္ေပး၍ မခုိင္းလွ်င္ မည္သည့္အမႈကုိမွ် ေနရာက်ေအာင္လုပ္ေဆာင္ မည့္သူမရွိ။
If indeed government power is used in oppression, if revolution is possible, revolution will occur; if it should not be possible, people will escape from the jurisdiction. In any case work will be ill done. For this reason it has been said:
အကယ္၍အစုိးရဂုဏ္ႏွင့္ ႏွိပ္စက္၍ခုိင္းလွ်င္၊ လွန္ျပန္နုိင္လွ်င္ လွန္ျပန္လိ္မ့္မည္၊ မလွန္ ျပန္နုိင္လွ်င္ ထြက္ေျပးတိမ္းေရွာင္ လိမ့္မည္။ အမႈကုိေကာင္းေအာင္ မလုပ္နုိင္၊ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ဤသုိ႔ ေဟာေတာ္မူသည္။
That is to say: Giving away and discarding things can bring the uncivil to civility (this does not only mean humans - we can see that the wild beasts of the forest are tamed if we feed them); free giving brings the benefits which we desire both in this world and in the next.
ေပးကမ္းစြန္႔ႀကဲျခင္းသည္ မယဥ္ေက်းေသာသူကုိ ယဥ္ေက်းေစနုိင္၏။ (လူကုိမဆုိထား ႏွင့္ဦး၊ေတာတိရစၧာန္ကုိေသာ္လည္း အစားအေသာက္ေကၽြးေမြးလွ်င္ ယဥ္ေက်းလာ သည္ကုိ မ်က္ျမင္ပင္ျဖစ္သည္။ ေပးကမ္းျခင္းသည္ ပစၥဳပၸန္ တမလြန္ ေလာက ႏွစ္ပါး၌ အလုိရွိအပ္ေသာအက်ိဳးကုိ ၿပီးေစတတ္၏။
By giving and by friendly speech all living creatures are made glad. Those who give freely and those who speak gently gain influence.
ေပးကမ္းစြန္႔ႀကဲျခင္း၊ ခ်စ္ဖြယ္ေသာစကားကုိဆုိျခင္းျဖင့္ သက္ရွိသတၱ၀ါတုိ႔သည္ ၀မ္းေျမာက္ၾကကုန္၏။ ေပးကမ္းသူ၊ ခ်စ္ဖြယ္ စကားကုိဆုိသူသုိ႔ ညြတ္လည္း ညြတ္ၾက ကုန္၏။
The benefits spoken of, and more, are called "giving away and discarding" and can come from religious faith (saddhā ). They can last until the coming of the Lord and the future Buddha is therefore the Lord of Saddhā (Saddhādika).
ဆုိခဲ့ၿပီးေသာအက်ိဳးမ်ားသာ မကေသး၊ေပးကမ္းျခင္းမည္သည္ သဒၶါတရားရွိမွ ျဖစ္နုိ္င္ ၏။ သဒၶါတရားမည္သည္လည္း ဘုရားတုိင္ေအာင္ ျဖစ္ေစနုိင္၏၊ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ သဒၶါဓိက ဘုရားေလာင္းရွိသည္။
The sacrifice of one's own life too may be cāga. In a time of perceived danger, or when death is near, if you do not dare to toss away your life, but stay stuck in anxiety, you will do nothing good.
If you cannot foresee an outcome, but when danger comes you do not dare to risk your life, only loss and destruction will face you .
ကုိယ့္အသက္ကုိစြန္႔ျခင္း စာဂဟူသည္လည္း ေဘးရန္ေတြ႔ေသာအခါ၊ ေသခါနီးေသာ အခါ၊ကုိယ့္အသက္ကုိ မစြန္႔၀ံ႔၊ ထိတ္လန္႔ျခင္းျဖစ္လွ်င္ အမႈကုိေကာင္းစြာ မလုပ္ေဆာင္ နုိင္၊အက်ိဳးအေၾကာင္းကုိ မသိနုိင္ျဖစ္၍ ေဘးရန္ ေတြ႔ေသာကာလ အသက္ကုိ မစြန္႔၀ံ႔ လွ်င္ ရႈံးပါးပ်က္စီးျခင္း ျဖစ္လိမ့္မည္။
When the Videha country was under siege, Mahosadhā, at risk of his life, made his way into the besieging army of King Sūlanībrahmadatta and showed the heirloom ruby to the brahman Kevatta and hung it on his forehead. Because it had been rubbed upon the ground, the army of eighteen akhobhinī was destroyed .
မေဟာသဓါသည္ ၀ိေဒဟရာဇ္ျပည္ကုိ ၀ိုင္းထားေသာအခါ အသက္ကုိစြန္႔၍ ၀ုိင္းထား သည့္ စူဠဏီျဗဟၼဒတ္မင္းတပ္တြင္းသုိ႔ ၀င္ၿပီးလွ်င္ နန္းစဥ္းပတၱျမားကုိ ေက၀ဋ္အား ျပ ကာ၊ဦးစြန္းကုိဆြဲၿပီး ေျမ၌ပြတ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ တစ္ဆယ့္ရွစ္ အေကၡာဘိဏီ တပ္ပ်က္ သည္။
If death is near and you are afraid, if you do not hold the Law firmly in your heart, you will find yourself on the way to one of the four bad rebirths.
ေသခါနီးေၾကာက္ရြံ႕ျခင္းျဖစ္၍ တရားကုိေကာင္းမြန္စြာ ႏွလုံးမသြင္းနုိင္လွ်င္ ဧကန္ အပါယ္ေလးပါးသုိ႔ သြားလိမ့္မည္။
It is therefore said "If you are brave, you won't die: if you do die, you won't go to hell." In this world, when warfare and battle are in question, the brave win and the nervous lose .
ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ´ရဲေသာ္မေသ၊ ေသေသာ္ငရဲမလား´ ဟူ၍ ဆုိရုိးရွိေလသည္။ေလာကတြင္ စစ္ေရးစစ္မက္မႈဟူသမွ်၌ ရဲရင့္သူကသာ နုိင္၍ ေၾကာက္သူက ရႈံးသည္ခ်ည္းမ်ားသည္။
က်မ္းကုိး ---
ေလာကနီတိ၊ ၆.ရာဇက႑၊ ပုိဒ္ေရ-၁၃၀၊ ႏွာ-၂၈
အဂၤုတၱရနိကာယ ဋီကာ၊ ၇.မဟာ၀ဂၢ၊ ၃.နဂေရာပမသုတ္ ႏွာ-၃-၁၉၁
အႏုဒီပနီပါဌ ႏွာ-၃၁၁
ဇာတကအ႒ကထာ၊၁.ဧကနိပါတ္၊ ၇.၀ါနရိႏၵဇာတက ႏွာ-၁-၂၉၈
ဇာတကအ႒ကထာ၊ ၆၊၂၂. မဟာနိပါတ၊၅၄၂.ဥမဂၤဇာတက ႏွာ-၆-၂၅---၃၀/၂၄၆-၇
Discarding and giving away wealth and property is known as cāga. It is included in the four rules of sangaha that apply to all peoples. It is also included in the ten duties of kingship and is the pāramī perfection of dāna.
ဥစၥာပစၥည္းကုိ စြန္႔ႀကဲေပးကမ္းျခင္း စာဂမည္သည္ ခပ္သိမ္းေသာသူတုိ႔ႏွင့္ ဆက္ဆံ ေသာ သဂၤဟတရားေလးပါးတြင္ ပါ၀င္၏။ မင္းက်င့္တရား ဆယ္ပါးတြင္လည္း ပါ၀င္၏။ ဒါနပါရမီလည္း ျဖစ္၏။
In this world there is no one who will not act appropriately in any situation if an authority does not complete its function of charity to the extent that it should.
ေလာက၌အလုပ္အေဆာင္ မႈခင္းျပဳဖြယ္ကိစၥရွိသမွ်ကုိ အစုိးရပင္ျဖစ္ေစကာမူ၊ တန္ ေလာက္ေအာင္ေပး၍ မခုိင္းလွ်င္ မည္သည့္အမႈကုိမွ် ေနရာက်ေအာင္လုပ္ေဆာင္ မည့္သူမရွိ။
If indeed government power is used in oppression, if revolution is possible, revolution will occur; if it should not be possible, people will escape from the jurisdiction. In any case work will be ill done. For this reason it has been said:
အကယ္၍အစုိးရဂုဏ္ႏွင့္ ႏွိပ္စက္၍ခုိင္းလွ်င္၊ လွန္ျပန္နုိင္လွ်င္ လွန္ျပန္လိ္မ့္မည္၊ မလွန္ ျပန္နုိင္လွ်င္ ထြက္ေျပးတိမ္းေရွာင္ လိမ့္မည္။ အမႈကုိေကာင္းေအာင္ မလုပ္နုိင္၊ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ဤသုိ႔ ေဟာေတာ္မူသည္။
That is to say: Giving away and discarding things can bring the uncivil to civility (this does not only mean humans - we can see that the wild beasts of the forest are tamed if we feed them); free giving brings the benefits which we desire both in this world and in the next.
ေပးကမ္းစြန္႔ႀကဲျခင္းသည္ မယဥ္ေက်းေသာသူကုိ ယဥ္ေက်းေစနုိင္၏။ (လူကုိမဆုိထား ႏွင့္ဦး၊ေတာတိရစၧာန္ကုိေသာ္လည္း အစားအေသာက္ေကၽြးေမြးလွ်င္ ယဥ္ေက်းလာ သည္ကုိ မ်က္ျမင္ပင္ျဖစ္သည္။ ေပးကမ္းျခင္းသည္ ပစၥဳပၸန္ တမလြန္ ေလာက ႏွစ္ပါး၌ အလုိရွိအပ္ေသာအက်ိဳးကုိ ၿပီးေစတတ္၏။
By giving and by friendly speech all living creatures are made glad. Those who give freely and those who speak gently gain influence.
ေပးကမ္းစြန္႔ႀကဲျခင္း၊ ခ်စ္ဖြယ္ေသာစကားကုိဆုိျခင္းျဖင့္ သက္ရွိသတၱ၀ါတုိ႔သည္ ၀မ္းေျမာက္ၾကကုန္၏။ ေပးကမ္းသူ၊ ခ်စ္ဖြယ္ စကားကုိဆုိသူသုိ႔ ညြတ္လည္း ညြတ္ၾက ကုန္၏။
The benefits spoken of, and more, are called "giving away and discarding" and can come from religious faith (saddhā ). They can last until the coming of the Lord and the future Buddha is therefore the Lord of Saddhā (Saddhādika).
ဆုိခဲ့ၿပီးေသာအက်ိဳးမ်ားသာ မကေသး၊ေပးကမ္းျခင္းမည္သည္ သဒၶါတရားရွိမွ ျဖစ္နုိ္င္ ၏။ သဒၶါတရားမည္သည္လည္း ဘုရားတုိင္ေအာင္ ျဖစ္ေစနုိင္၏၊ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ သဒၶါဓိက ဘုရားေလာင္းရွိသည္။
The sacrifice of one's own life too may be cāga. In a time of perceived danger, or when death is near, if you do not dare to toss away your life, but stay stuck in anxiety, you will do nothing good.
If you cannot foresee an outcome, but when danger comes you do not dare to risk your life, only loss and destruction will face you .
ကုိယ့္အသက္ကုိစြန္႔ျခင္း စာဂဟူသည္လည္း ေဘးရန္ေတြ႔ေသာအခါ၊ ေသခါနီးေသာ အခါ၊ကုိယ့္အသက္ကုိ မစြန္႔၀ံ႔၊ ထိတ္လန္႔ျခင္းျဖစ္လွ်င္ အမႈကုိေကာင္းစြာ မလုပ္ေဆာင္ နုိင္၊အက်ိဳးအေၾကာင္းကုိ မသိနုိင္ျဖစ္၍ ေဘးရန္ ေတြ႔ေသာကာလ အသက္ကုိ မစြန္႔၀ံ႔ လွ်င္ ရႈံးပါးပ်က္စီးျခင္း ျဖစ္လိမ့္မည္။
When the Videha country was under siege, Mahosadhā, at risk of his life, made his way into the besieging army of King Sūlanībrahmadatta and showed the heirloom ruby to the brahman Kevatta and hung it on his forehead. Because it had been rubbed upon the ground, the army of eighteen akhobhinī was destroyed .
မေဟာသဓါသည္ ၀ိေဒဟရာဇ္ျပည္ကုိ ၀ိုင္းထားေသာအခါ အသက္ကုိစြန္႔၍ ၀ုိင္းထား သည့္ စူဠဏီျဗဟၼဒတ္မင္းတပ္တြင္းသုိ႔ ၀င္ၿပီးလွ်င္ နန္းစဥ္းပတၱျမားကုိ ေက၀ဋ္အား ျပ ကာ၊ဦးစြန္းကုိဆြဲၿပီး ေျမ၌ပြတ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ တစ္ဆယ့္ရွစ္ အေကၡာဘိဏီ တပ္ပ်က္ သည္။
If death is near and you are afraid, if you do not hold the Law firmly in your heart, you will find yourself on the way to one of the four bad rebirths.
ေသခါနီးေၾကာက္ရြံ႕ျခင္းျဖစ္၍ တရားကုိေကာင္းမြန္စြာ ႏွလုံးမသြင္းနုိင္လွ်င္ ဧကန္ အပါယ္ေလးပါးသုိ႔ သြားလိမ့္မည္။
It is therefore said "If you are brave, you won't die: if you do die, you won't go to hell." In this world, when warfare and battle are in question, the brave win and the nervous lose .
ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ´ရဲေသာ္မေသ၊ ေသေသာ္ငရဲမလား´ ဟူ၍ ဆုိရုိးရွိေလသည္။ေလာကတြင္ စစ္ေရးစစ္မက္မႈဟူသမွ်၌ ရဲရင့္သူကသာ နုိင္၍ ေၾကာက္သူက ရႈံးသည္ခ်ည္းမ်ားသည္။
က်မ္းကုိး ---
ေလာကနီတိ၊ ၆.ရာဇက႑၊ ပုိဒ္ေရ-၁၃၀၊ ႏွာ-၂၈
အဂၤုတၱရနိကာယ ဋီကာ၊ ၇.မဟာ၀ဂၢ၊ ၃.နဂေရာပမသုတ္ ႏွာ-၃-၁၉၁
အႏုဒီပနီပါဌ ႏွာ-၃၁၁
ဇာတကအ႒ကထာ၊၁.ဧကနိပါတ္၊ ၇.၀ါနရိႏၵဇာတက ႏွာ-၁-၂၉၈
ဇာတကအ႒ကထာ၊ ၆၊၂၂. မဟာနိပါတ၊၅၄၂.ဥမဂၤဇာတက ႏွာ-၆-၂၅---၃၀/၂၄၆-၇
