14. Three courses that end societies
If you want to provide food, drink, goods, buildings and housing widely over most of the country, you devote yourself to ensuring a growing and richer population.
You must consider immigrants, and, since they will work, the most Excellent Lord has laid down three rules to be applied to minority groups in a country and to depopulation in the country, which must be carefully considered.
တုိင္းျပည္နိုင္ငံ၌အစားအေသာက္အသုံးအေဆာင္တုိက္အိမ္ၿမိဳ႕ျပတုိ႔ကုိအမ်ားအျပား အႀကီးအက်ယ္ ျဖစ္ေစလုိလွ်င္ လူကုိမ်ားျပားေအာင္၊လူတုိးပြါးစည္ပင္ေအာင္ကုိသာ ႏွလုံးထား၍ နုိင္ငံအတြင္း လူအမ်ားအျပား၀င္ေန လာေရာက္ရန္ အေၾကာင္းကုိ အလြန္ သတိထားၿပီးလွ်င္ လုပ္ေဆာင္ၾကရလိမ့္မည္ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ ျမတ္စြာဘုရား ေဟာၾကား ေတာ္ မူအပ္ေသာ လူ႔ျပည္၌လူနည္းေၾကာင္း လူကုန္ခန္းေၾကာင္းတရားသုံးပါးကုိေကာင္း စြာသိေအာင္ျပဳ၍ သတိထားအပ္သည္။
These three rules occur in the Paloka Sutta of the Tikanipat of the Anguttara Nikaya .
လူ႔ျပည္၌လူကုန္ခန္းေၾကာင္းလူနည္းေၾကာင္းတရားသုံးပါးကုိ အဂၤုတၱဳိရ္ပါဠိေတာ္၊ တိက နိပါတ္၊ပေလာကသုတ္၌-
That is to say: -- I, Ananda, heard and noted down the following that was said. At this time the most Excellent Lord was staying in the Jetavana Monastery in the Sravasti country on the estate of Anathapindika, the rich merchant.
While he was staying there, a Brahman merchant, whose name and origin are not recorded, arrived at the monastery.
He came to where the Lord was, made a respectful salutation and took a seat. After he had seated himself, the Brahman merchant addressed the Lord.
ဤသုိ႔ဆုိအပ္လတ့ံသည့္အတုိင္း တပည့္ေတာ္အာနႏၵာ နားခံမွတ္သား ဘူးပါ၏။ အခါ တစ္ပါး၀ယ္ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားသည္ သာ၀တၳိျပည္၊အနာထပိဏ္သူေဌး၏အရာမ္ျဖစ္ေသာ ေဇတ၀န္ေက်ာင္းေတာ္၌ သီတင္း သုံးေနထုိင္ေတာ္မူစဥ္ အမ်ိဳးအမည္အားျဖင့္ မထင္ ရွားေသာ ျဗဟၼဏသူေဌး တစ္ ေယာက္သည္ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွိရာ ေဇတ၀န္ေက်ာင္းသုိ႔ ခ်ဥ္းကပ္၊ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကုိ ရွိခုိးကာ သင့္တင့္ေသာတစ္ေနရာတြင္ထုိင္လွ်က္ ျမတ္စြာ ဘုရားကုိ ဤဆုိလတံ့ေသာ စကားကုိေလွ်ာက္ထားေလ၏
"Sir Gotama, the aged and venerable of the past, Brahmans who were teachers of our teachers, understood that the world and the Avøci hell were packed full with mankind.
The villages, towns and kingdoms were only so far from each other as a chicken can fly. This is what we have heard tell.
အရွင္ေဂါတမ! ေရွး၌ျဖစ္ကုန္ေသာအသက္အရြယ္အားျဖင့္လည္းႀကီး၊ အမ်ိဳးဇာတ္ အားျဖင့္လည္း ျမင့္ျမတ္၊ ဆရာ့ဆရာ လည္းျဖစ္ကုန္ေသာ ျဗဟၼဏတုိ႔၏ လက္ထက္ အခါ၀ယ္ ဤေလာကသည္ အ၀ီစိငရဲကဲ့သုိ႔ လူတုိ႔ျဖင့္ျပည့္ႏွက္ေနခဲ့၏၊ ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊မင္း ေနျပည္ေတာ္တုိ႔သည္ တစ္ရြာမွ တစ္ရြာ၊တစ္ၿမိဳ႕မွတစ္ၿမိဳ႕သုိ႔ ၾကက္ပ်ံတစ္ကခန္႔မွ်သာ ကြာေ၀းကုန္၏၊ ဤသုိ႔ေျပာဆုိေသာစကားသံကုိ ၾကားဘူးပါ၏။
Now, for whatever reason, mankind is diminished and this is plain. Our villages are no villages, our towns, no towns, our cities, no cities -- even our hamlets are no hamlets. How is this and what is the remedy?"
အရွင္ေဂါတမ!ယခုအခါ၀ယ္ လူဦးေရနည္းပါးကုန္ခန္းျခင္းသည္ သိသာထင္ရွား၏၊ ယခင္ကရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ဇနပုဒ္တုိ႔ သည္လည္း ယခုအခါ ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ ဇနပုဒ္ မဟုတ္ ၾကေတာ့ကုန္၊ဤသုိ႔ျဖစ္ရျခင္း၏ အေၾကာင္း၊အေထာက္အပံ့သည္ အဘယ္နည္း? ဟု ေမးျမန္းေလွ်ာက္ထားေလ၏။
“Brahman," replied the Lord, "In our day, people wrongly take their parents’ sisters to be their wives and into other relationships: they take riches and property that it is not right to take and these wrong actions weigh them down. They do not perform the duties that they should. They devote themselves to a false Law.
Weighed down by these wrong desires for incestuous relationships, for improper gains, people who are devoted to a wrong Law take sharp weapons into their hands and deprive each other of life. Because they attack each other in this way, many men die.
Brahman! Because of the state of society in our time, it is clear that the human race is withering away and is being brought low.
Villages have become no villages; towns, no towns and cities, no cities. Even hamlets have become no hamlets. The cause, as I have said, is from their killing each other.
အုိျဗဟၼဏ!ယခုအခါ၀ယ္ လူတုိ႔သည္ အတပ္မက္ေကာင္းေသာ မိေထြး၊မႀကီး၊အရီး၊ သူ႔ မယား စသည္တုိ႔ကုိ တပ္မက္ကုန္၏။ မရမယူထုိက္ေသာ ပစၥည္း ဥစၥာကုိ ရလုိျခင္း ၀ိသမေလာဘျဖင့္ ဖိစီးႏွိပ္စက္အပ္ကုန္၏၊ လူတုိ႔က်င့္၀တ္ကုိ မက်င့္၊ မွားေသာ တရား ႏွင့္ျပည့္ကုန္၏။
ထုိလူတုိ႔သည္ ထက္စြာေသာ ဓါးစေသာလက္နက္မ်ားကုိ ဆြဲကုိင္ကာ အခ်င္းခ်င္း သတ္ ၾကေသာေၾကာင့္ လူေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးၾကကုန္၏။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ လူဦးေရ နည္း ပါးကုန္ခန္းျခင္းသည္ သိသာထင္ရွား၏၊ ယခင္က ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ ဇနပုဒ္ တုိ႔သည္လည္း ယခုအခါ ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ ဇနပုဒ္ မဟုတ္ ၾကေတာ့ကုန္၊
"Brahman, to say it again -- people of our time have wrongful incestuous lusts for close relatives and for others’ wives - they have desires for wrongful gains of riches and property which weigh them down - they do not carry out the duties which laymen should and they are held to a false Law.
In the lands of such people the rain does not fall in a good and regular fashion and because the rain does not fall as it should, rice becomes scarce, rice, wheat and bean plants do not grow properly and, because of insect pests, they become wormy.
There is no crop and the people are reduced to bare bones (salaka) . From this many people die.
"Brahman, in our day, because of all these facts, it is plain that humanity is withering away and is much reduced.
Its villages are no villages; its towns, no towns, its cities, no cities. Even its hamlets are no hamlets. It is from all this comes the drought, with the shortage of irrigation water and of food and drink.
အုိျဗဟၼဏ! ေနာက္ထပ္တစ္မ်ိဳးကား လူတုိ႔သည္ အတပ္မက္ေကာင္းေသာ မိေထြး၊ မႀကီး၊အရီး၊ သူ႔ မယား စသည္တုိ႔ကုိ တပ္မက္ကုန္၏။ မရမယူထုိက္ေသာ ပစၥည္း ဥစၥာ ကုိ ရလုိျခင္း ၀ိသမေလာဘျဖင့္ ဖိစီးႏွိပ္စက္အပ္ကုန္၏၊ လူတုိ႔က်င့္၀တ္ကုိ မက်င့္၊ မွား ေသာတရား ႏွင့္ျပည့္ကုန္၏။ ထုိလူတုိ႔ေနရာအရပ္ေဒသ၌ မိုးေကာင္း ေကာင္းမရြာ၊ မိုး ေရမရရွိသျဖင့္ ဆန္ေရ စပါးရွားပါး၏၊စပါး၊ေျပာင္း၊ေကာက္ပဲသီးႏွံမေကာင္း၊ပုိးက် ေသာေၾကာင့္ ဖလံျဖဴနာလုိက္၏၊ သီးႏွံမရ အသီးတံ၊ အရုိးတံခ်ည္း သာရ၏၊
ထုိသုိ႔ ဒုဗၻိကၡႏၱရကပ္ေဘးဆုိက္ေရာက္ေသာေၾကာင့္ လူေပါင္းမ်ားစြာေသေၾကပ်က္စီးရသည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ လူဦးေရနည္းပါး ကုန္ခန္းျခင္းသည္ သိသာထင္ရွား၏၊ ယခင္က ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ဇနပုဒ္ တုိ႔သည္လည္း ယခုအခါ ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ ဇနပုဒ္ မဟုတ္ၾကေတာ့ကုန္၊
"Brahman, to say it again - people of our time have wrongful incestuous lusts for close relatives and for others’ wives - they have desires for wrongful gains of riches and property which weigh them down - they do not carry out the duties which laymen should and they are held to a false Law.
In the lands of such people the Spirit Lords set free the rough demons, who in their freedom slay many men. Brahman, in this way it is clear that humanity is reaching its end and is withering.
Its villages are no villages; its towns, no towns, its cities, no cities. Even its hamlets are no hamlets. This is the cause for which the demons are loosed."
အုိျဗဟၼဏ! ေနာက္ထပ္တစ္မ်ိဳးကား လူတုိ႔သည္ အတပ္မက္ေကာင္းေသာ မိေထြး၊ မႀကီး၊အရီး၊ သူ႔ မယား စသည္တုိ႔ကုိ တပ္မက္ကုန္၏။ မရမယူထုိက္ေသာ ပစၥည္း ဥစၥာ ကုိ ရလုိျခင္း ၀ိသမေလာဘျဖင့္ ဖိစီးႏွိပ္စက္အပ္ကုန္၏၊ လူတုိ႔က်င့္၀တ္ကုိ မက်င့္၊ မွား ေသာတရား ႏွင့္ျပည့္ကုန္၏။
ထုိလူတုိ႔ေနရာအရပ္ေဒသသုိ႔ နတ္မင္းတုိ႔သည္ ၾကမ္း ၾကဳတ္ေသာ ဘီလူးတုိ႔ကုိ ေစ လႊတ္ၾကကုန္၏၊ ထုိသုိ႔ဘီလူးၾကမ္းတုိ႔ကုိ ေစလႊတ္ရကား လူေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ေသေၾက ပ်က္စီးရသည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ လူဦးေရနည္းပါးကုန္ခန္းျခင္းသည္ သိသာထင္ရွား၏၊ ယခင္က ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ဇနပုဒ္ တုိ႔သည္လည္း ယခုအခါ ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ ဇနပုဒ္ မဟုတ္ ၾကေတာ့ကုန္၊
The basic meaning of this Pali text is: -
1. Incestuous lusts for women of one's close kindred and desire for twenty other types of women and such transgressions are called adhammaræga -- wrongful desires.
ဤသုိ႔ေဟာေတာ္မူေသာပါဠိေတာ္၏ အဓိပၸါယ္ေသာ္ကား -
(၁) မိေထြး၊မိႀကီး၊အရီး၊သူ႔မယားစေသာ မတပ္မက္အပ္ေသာ မိန္းမတုိ႔၌တပ္ျခင္း၊ အျခားသူတုိ႔၏မယား မာတုရကၡိတစေသာ ႏွစ္ဆယ္ကုန္ေသာမိန္းမတုိ႔၌ သြားလာ လြန္က်ဴးျခင္းဟူေသာ ´အဓမၼရာဂ´။
2. Dishonest gains taken by cunning tricks that are beyond one’s due or taken by oppressive means are called visamalobha (unfair profit).
(၂) မိမိ ရယူသင့္၊ရယူထုိက္သည္သာမက မယူသင့္၊မရသင့္သည္ကုိ ေကာက္က်စ္ စဥ္းလဲ၍ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း ၊ႏွိပ္စက္ လႊမ္းမုိး၍ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း ရေအာင္ယူလုိျခင္း ´၀ိသမေလာဘ´။
3. The master's duty, the servant's duty, the teacher's duty, the pupil's duty, the husband's duty, the wife's duty, all such duties are set out in the Singala Sutta and they are to be followed. The fault that lies in not following them is called micchadhamma (wrong course of life).
(၃) သခင္၀တ္၊ကၽြတ္၀တ္၊ဆရာ၀တ္၊တပည့္၀တ္၊လင္၀တ္၊မယား၀တ္အစရွိကုန္ေသာ သိဂၤါလသုတ္စသည္တုိ႔၌ ေဟာေတာ္မူ အပ္ကုန္ေသာလူတုိ႔က်င့္အပ္၊က်င့္ေကာင္းေသာ က်င့္၀တ္သိကၡာပုဒ္တုိ႔ကုိ မက်င့္ျခင္း၊မွားေသာ ´မိစၧာဓမၼ´။
Since these three wrongful principles abound in the world, men oppress each other; they attack each other, ruin and loot each other. One country wars upon another, invades and annexes, its soldiers cut and kill.
ဤတရားသုံးပါး ေလာက၌ျဖစ္ပြါးသည္ရွိေသာ္ လူတုိ႔သည္ တစ္ဦးတစ္ဦး ႏွိပ္စက္ ဖ်က္ဆီး၊တုိက္ခုိက္လုယူ၊ တစ္နုိင္ငံက တစ္နုိင္ငံကုိ တုိက္ခုိက္သိမ္းယူ စစ္မက္ျဖစ္၍ ထုိးခုတ္သတ္ျဖတ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ လူကုန္ခန္းျခင္း။
Because of this, men are diminished and in lands where these three wrong principles prevail, the rain does not fall duly, rice becomes scarce and there are deaths from famine. People immigrate to lands where there are food and drink.
Since the rain is not regular, diseases spring up among the cattle, which have to live upon fodder that has no strength; they have to be treated with remedies that have no strength and the diseases do not disappear. People die out and populations become thin.
ဤတရားသုံးပါး ပြါးမ်ားေသာအရပ္ေဒသ၌ မုိးေကာင္းစြာမရြာသျဖင့္ ဆန္ရွား၍ ငတ္မြတ္ ေသေၾကပ်က္စီး၊ အစားအေသာက္ ရွိရာအရပ္သုိ႔ ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ေသာေၾကာင့္ လည္း ေကာင္း၊မုိး မေျဖာင့္မမွန္ရကား ဩဇာမရွိေသာအသီးအရြက္ကုိ စားရ ကုန္ေသာ သတၱ၀ါ တုိ႔၌ အနာေရာဂါျဖစ္လာလွ်င္ ဩဇာမရွိေသာေဆးကုိေပးရေသာေၾကာင့္ အနာေရာဂါ မေပ်ာက္၊ လူတုိ႔ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးေသာေၾကာင့္ လူရွားပါးျခင္း။
The lords of the spirit world get ready to loose upon the world the demons that seize and eat men, but may only send them out upon lands where these wrong principles prevail.
It is their custom not to send them into lands where the Law is kept, but since these fierce demons are sent out into the lands where these three vile principles are followed, the people there die and disappear.
နတ္မင္းႀကီးတုိ႔သည္ လူတုိ႔ကုိဖမ္းစားတတ္ေသာ ဘီးလူးတုိ႔ကုိ လႊတ္လုိသည္ရွိေသာ္ ဤယုတ္မာေသာတရားသုံးပါး ပြါးမ်ားေသာအရပ္၌သာ လႊတ္ရ၏။ တရားေစာင့္ေသာ အရပ္၌မလႊတ္ရထုံးစံရွိသည့္အတုိင္း ဤယုတ္မာေသာတရားသုံးပါး ပြါးမ်ားေသာ အရပ္ ၌သာ ဘီလူးၾကမ္းတုိ႔ကုိ လႊတ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ လူတုိ႔ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးကုန္ခန္းျခင္း၊
Thus, because of these three vile principles the three types of extermination come upon the people: their towns fall into ruin and revert to forest.
ဤယုတ္မာေသာတရားသုံးပါးေၾကာင့္ လူကုန္ခန္းျခင္းသုံးပါးျဖစ္၍ ၿမိဳ႕ရြာမ်ားပ်က္စီးၿပီး ေတာ ျဖစ္ၾကကုန္၏။
က်မ္းကုိး ---
အဂၤုတၱရနိကာယ၊တိကနိပါတ၊(၆) ၁.ျဗဟၼဏ၀ဂၢ၊ ၆.ပေလာကသုတ္ ႏွာ-၂-၁၆၁
If you want to provide food, drink, goods, buildings and housing widely over most of the country, you devote yourself to ensuring a growing and richer population.
You must consider immigrants, and, since they will work, the most Excellent Lord has laid down three rules to be applied to minority groups in a country and to depopulation in the country, which must be carefully considered.
တုိင္းျပည္နိုင္ငံ၌အစားအေသာက္အသုံးအေဆာင္တုိက္အိမ္ၿမိဳ႕ျပတုိ႔ကုိအမ်ားအျပား အႀကီးအက်ယ္ ျဖစ္ေစလုိလွ်င္ လူကုိမ်ားျပားေအာင္၊လူတုိးပြါးစည္ပင္ေအာင္ကုိသာ ႏွလုံးထား၍ နုိင္ငံအတြင္း လူအမ်ားအျပား၀င္ေန လာေရာက္ရန္ အေၾကာင္းကုိ အလြန္ သတိထားၿပီးလွ်င္ လုပ္ေဆာင္ၾကရလိမ့္မည္ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ ျမတ္စြာဘုရား ေဟာၾကား ေတာ္ မူအပ္ေသာ လူ႔ျပည္၌လူနည္းေၾကာင္း လူကုန္ခန္းေၾကာင္းတရားသုံးပါးကုိေကာင္း စြာသိေအာင္ျပဳ၍ သတိထားအပ္သည္။
These three rules occur in the Paloka Sutta of the Tikanipat of the Anguttara Nikaya .
လူ႔ျပည္၌လူကုန္ခန္းေၾကာင္းလူနည္းေၾကာင္းတရားသုံးပါးကုိ အဂၤုတၱဳိရ္ပါဠိေတာ္၊ တိက နိပါတ္၊ပေလာကသုတ္၌-
That is to say: -- I, Ananda, heard and noted down the following that was said. At this time the most Excellent Lord was staying in the Jetavana Monastery in the Sravasti country on the estate of Anathapindika, the rich merchant.
While he was staying there, a Brahman merchant, whose name and origin are not recorded, arrived at the monastery.
He came to where the Lord was, made a respectful salutation and took a seat. After he had seated himself, the Brahman merchant addressed the Lord.
ဤသုိ႔ဆုိအပ္လတ့ံသည့္အတုိင္း တပည့္ေတာ္အာနႏၵာ နားခံမွတ္သား ဘူးပါ၏။ အခါ တစ္ပါး၀ယ္ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားသည္ သာ၀တၳိျပည္၊အနာထပိဏ္သူေဌး၏အရာမ္ျဖစ္ေသာ ေဇတ၀န္ေက်ာင္းေတာ္၌ သီတင္း သုံးေနထုိင္ေတာ္မူစဥ္ အမ်ိဳးအမည္အားျဖင့္ မထင္ ရွားေသာ ျဗဟၼဏသူေဌး တစ္ ေယာက္သည္ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွိရာ ေဇတ၀န္ေက်ာင္းသုိ႔ ခ်ဥ္းကပ္၊ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကုိ ရွိခုိးကာ သင့္တင့္ေသာတစ္ေနရာတြင္ထုိင္လွ်က္ ျမတ္စြာ ဘုရားကုိ ဤဆုိလတံ့ေသာ စကားကုိေလွ်ာက္ထားေလ၏
"Sir Gotama, the aged and venerable of the past, Brahmans who were teachers of our teachers, understood that the world and the Avøci hell were packed full with mankind.
The villages, towns and kingdoms were only so far from each other as a chicken can fly. This is what we have heard tell.
အရွင္ေဂါတမ! ေရွး၌ျဖစ္ကုန္ေသာအသက္အရြယ္အားျဖင့္လည္းႀကီး၊ အမ်ိဳးဇာတ္ အားျဖင့္လည္း ျမင့္ျမတ္၊ ဆရာ့ဆရာ လည္းျဖစ္ကုန္ေသာ ျဗဟၼဏတုိ႔၏ လက္ထက္ အခါ၀ယ္ ဤေလာကသည္ အ၀ီစိငရဲကဲ့သုိ႔ လူတုိ႔ျဖင့္ျပည့္ႏွက္ေနခဲ့၏၊ ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊မင္း ေနျပည္ေတာ္တုိ႔သည္ တစ္ရြာမွ တစ္ရြာ၊တစ္ၿမိဳ႕မွတစ္ၿမိဳ႕သုိ႔ ၾကက္ပ်ံတစ္ကခန္႔မွ်သာ ကြာေ၀းကုန္၏၊ ဤသုိ႔ေျပာဆုိေသာစကားသံကုိ ၾကားဘူးပါ၏။
Now, for whatever reason, mankind is diminished and this is plain. Our villages are no villages, our towns, no towns, our cities, no cities -- even our hamlets are no hamlets. How is this and what is the remedy?"
အရွင္ေဂါတမ!ယခုအခါ၀ယ္ လူဦးေရနည္းပါးကုန္ခန္းျခင္းသည္ သိသာထင္ရွား၏၊ ယခင္ကရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ဇနပုဒ္တုိ႔ သည္လည္း ယခုအခါ ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ ဇနပုဒ္ မဟုတ္ ၾကေတာ့ကုန္၊ဤသုိ႔ျဖစ္ရျခင္း၏ အေၾကာင္း၊အေထာက္အပံ့သည္ အဘယ္နည္း? ဟု ေမးျမန္းေလွ်ာက္ထားေလ၏။
“Brahman," replied the Lord, "In our day, people wrongly take their parents’ sisters to be their wives and into other relationships: they take riches and property that it is not right to take and these wrong actions weigh them down. They do not perform the duties that they should. They devote themselves to a false Law.
Weighed down by these wrong desires for incestuous relationships, for improper gains, people who are devoted to a wrong Law take sharp weapons into their hands and deprive each other of life. Because they attack each other in this way, many men die.
Brahman! Because of the state of society in our time, it is clear that the human race is withering away and is being brought low.
Villages have become no villages; towns, no towns and cities, no cities. Even hamlets have become no hamlets. The cause, as I have said, is from their killing each other.
အုိျဗဟၼဏ!ယခုအခါ၀ယ္ လူတုိ႔သည္ အတပ္မက္ေကာင္းေသာ မိေထြး၊မႀကီး၊အရီး၊ သူ႔ မယား စသည္တုိ႔ကုိ တပ္မက္ကုန္၏။ မရမယူထုိက္ေသာ ပစၥည္း ဥစၥာကုိ ရလုိျခင္း ၀ိသမေလာဘျဖင့္ ဖိစီးႏွိပ္စက္အပ္ကုန္၏၊ လူတုိ႔က်င့္၀တ္ကုိ မက်င့္၊ မွားေသာ တရား ႏွင့္ျပည့္ကုန္၏။
ထုိလူတုိ႔သည္ ထက္စြာေသာ ဓါးစေသာလက္နက္မ်ားကုိ ဆြဲကုိင္ကာ အခ်င္းခ်င္း သတ္ ၾကေသာေၾကာင့္ လူေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးၾကကုန္၏။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ လူဦးေရ နည္း ပါးကုန္ခန္းျခင္းသည္ သိသာထင္ရွား၏၊ ယခင္က ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ ဇနပုဒ္ တုိ႔သည္လည္း ယခုအခါ ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ ဇနပုဒ္ မဟုတ္ ၾကေတာ့ကုန္၊
"Brahman, to say it again -- people of our time have wrongful incestuous lusts for close relatives and for others’ wives - they have desires for wrongful gains of riches and property which weigh them down - they do not carry out the duties which laymen should and they are held to a false Law.
In the lands of such people the rain does not fall in a good and regular fashion and because the rain does not fall as it should, rice becomes scarce, rice, wheat and bean plants do not grow properly and, because of insect pests, they become wormy.
There is no crop and the people are reduced to bare bones (salaka) . From this many people die.
"Brahman, in our day, because of all these facts, it is plain that humanity is withering away and is much reduced.
Its villages are no villages; its towns, no towns, its cities, no cities. Even its hamlets are no hamlets. It is from all this comes the drought, with the shortage of irrigation water and of food and drink.
အုိျဗဟၼဏ! ေနာက္ထပ္တစ္မ်ိဳးကား လူတုိ႔သည္ အတပ္မက္ေကာင္းေသာ မိေထြး၊ မႀကီး၊အရီး၊ သူ႔ မယား စသည္တုိ႔ကုိ တပ္မက္ကုန္၏။ မရမယူထုိက္ေသာ ပစၥည္း ဥစၥာ ကုိ ရလုိျခင္း ၀ိသမေလာဘျဖင့္ ဖိစီးႏွိပ္စက္အပ္ကုန္၏၊ လူတုိ႔က်င့္၀တ္ကုိ မက်င့္၊ မွား ေသာတရား ႏွင့္ျပည့္ကုန္၏။ ထုိလူတုိ႔ေနရာအရပ္ေဒသ၌ မိုးေကာင္း ေကာင္းမရြာ၊ မိုး ေရမရရွိသျဖင့္ ဆန္ေရ စပါးရွားပါး၏၊စပါး၊ေျပာင္း၊ေကာက္ပဲသီးႏွံမေကာင္း၊ပုိးက် ေသာေၾကာင့္ ဖလံျဖဴနာလုိက္၏၊ သီးႏွံမရ အသီးတံ၊ အရုိးတံခ်ည္း သာရ၏၊
ထုိသုိ႔ ဒုဗၻိကၡႏၱရကပ္ေဘးဆုိက္ေရာက္ေသာေၾကာင့္ လူေပါင္းမ်ားစြာေသေၾကပ်က္စီးရသည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ လူဦးေရနည္းပါး ကုန္ခန္းျခင္းသည္ သိသာထင္ရွား၏၊ ယခင္က ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ဇနပုဒ္ တုိ႔သည္လည္း ယခုအခါ ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ ဇနပုဒ္ မဟုတ္ၾကေတာ့ကုန္၊
"Brahman, to say it again - people of our time have wrongful incestuous lusts for close relatives and for others’ wives - they have desires for wrongful gains of riches and property which weigh them down - they do not carry out the duties which laymen should and they are held to a false Law.
In the lands of such people the Spirit Lords set free the rough demons, who in their freedom slay many men. Brahman, in this way it is clear that humanity is reaching its end and is withering.
Its villages are no villages; its towns, no towns, its cities, no cities. Even its hamlets are no hamlets. This is the cause for which the demons are loosed."
အုိျဗဟၼဏ! ေနာက္ထပ္တစ္မ်ိဳးကား လူတုိ႔သည္ အတပ္မက္ေကာင္းေသာ မိေထြး၊ မႀကီး၊အရီး၊ သူ႔ မယား စသည္တုိ႔ကုိ တပ္မက္ကုန္၏။ မရမယူထုိက္ေသာ ပစၥည္း ဥစၥာ ကုိ ရလုိျခင္း ၀ိသမေလာဘျဖင့္ ဖိစီးႏွိပ္စက္အပ္ကုန္၏၊ လူတုိ႔က်င့္၀တ္ကုိ မက်င့္၊ မွား ေသာတရား ႏွင့္ျပည့္ကုန္၏။
ထုိလူတုိ႔ေနရာအရပ္ေဒသသုိ႔ နတ္မင္းတုိ႔သည္ ၾကမ္း ၾကဳတ္ေသာ ဘီလူးတုိ႔ကုိ ေစ လႊတ္ၾကကုန္၏၊ ထုိသုိ႔ဘီလူးၾကမ္းတုိ႔ကုိ ေစလႊတ္ရကား လူေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ေသေၾက ပ်က္စီးရသည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ လူဦးေရနည္းပါးကုန္ခန္းျခင္းသည္ သိသာထင္ရွား၏၊ ယခင္က ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ဇနပုဒ္ တုိ႔သည္လည္း ယခုအခါ ရြာ၊နိဂုံး၊ ၿမိဳ႕ျပ၊ ဇနပုဒ္ မဟုတ္ ၾကေတာ့ကုန္၊
The basic meaning of this Pali text is: -
1. Incestuous lusts for women of one's close kindred and desire for twenty other types of women and such transgressions are called adhammaræga -- wrongful desires.
ဤသုိ႔ေဟာေတာ္မူေသာပါဠိေတာ္၏ အဓိပၸါယ္ေသာ္ကား -
(၁) မိေထြး၊မိႀကီး၊အရီး၊သူ႔မယားစေသာ မတပ္မက္အပ္ေသာ မိန္းမတုိ႔၌တပ္ျခင္း၊ အျခားသူတုိ႔၏မယား မာတုရကၡိတစေသာ ႏွစ္ဆယ္ကုန္ေသာမိန္းမတုိ႔၌ သြားလာ လြန္က်ဴးျခင္းဟူေသာ ´အဓမၼရာဂ´။
2. Dishonest gains taken by cunning tricks that are beyond one’s due or taken by oppressive means are called visamalobha (unfair profit).
(၂) မိမိ ရယူသင့္၊ရယူထုိက္သည္သာမက မယူသင့္၊မရသင့္သည္ကုိ ေကာက္က်စ္ စဥ္းလဲ၍ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း ၊ႏွိပ္စက္ လႊမ္းမုိး၍ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း ရေအာင္ယူလုိျခင္း ´၀ိသမေလာဘ´။
3. The master's duty, the servant's duty, the teacher's duty, the pupil's duty, the husband's duty, the wife's duty, all such duties are set out in the Singala Sutta and they are to be followed. The fault that lies in not following them is called micchadhamma (wrong course of life).
(၃) သခင္၀တ္၊ကၽြတ္၀တ္၊ဆရာ၀တ္၊တပည့္၀တ္၊လင္၀တ္၊မယား၀တ္အစရွိကုန္ေသာ သိဂၤါလသုတ္စသည္တုိ႔၌ ေဟာေတာ္မူ အပ္ကုန္ေသာလူတုိ႔က်င့္အပ္၊က်င့္ေကာင္းေသာ က်င့္၀တ္သိကၡာပုဒ္တုိ႔ကုိ မက်င့္ျခင္း၊မွားေသာ ´မိစၧာဓမၼ´။
Since these three wrongful principles abound in the world, men oppress each other; they attack each other, ruin and loot each other. One country wars upon another, invades and annexes, its soldiers cut and kill.
ဤတရားသုံးပါး ေလာက၌ျဖစ္ပြါးသည္ရွိေသာ္ လူတုိ႔သည္ တစ္ဦးတစ္ဦး ႏွိပ္စက္ ဖ်က္ဆီး၊တုိက္ခုိက္လုယူ၊ တစ္နုိင္ငံက တစ္နုိင္ငံကုိ တုိက္ခုိက္သိမ္းယူ စစ္မက္ျဖစ္၍ ထုိးခုတ္သတ္ျဖတ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ လူကုန္ခန္းျခင္း။
Because of this, men are diminished and in lands where these three wrong principles prevail, the rain does not fall duly, rice becomes scarce and there are deaths from famine. People immigrate to lands where there are food and drink.
Since the rain is not regular, diseases spring up among the cattle, which have to live upon fodder that has no strength; they have to be treated with remedies that have no strength and the diseases do not disappear. People die out and populations become thin.
ဤတရားသုံးပါး ပြါးမ်ားေသာအရပ္ေဒသ၌ မုိးေကာင္းစြာမရြာသျဖင့္ ဆန္ရွား၍ ငတ္မြတ္ ေသေၾကပ်က္စီး၊ အစားအေသာက္ ရွိရာအရပ္သုိ႔ ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ေသာေၾကာင့္ လည္း ေကာင္း၊မုိး မေျဖာင့္မမွန္ရကား ဩဇာမရွိေသာအသီးအရြက္ကုိ စားရ ကုန္ေသာ သတၱ၀ါ တုိ႔၌ အနာေရာဂါျဖစ္လာလွ်င္ ဩဇာမရွိေသာေဆးကုိေပးရေသာေၾကာင့္ အနာေရာဂါ မေပ်ာက္၊ လူတုိ႔ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးေသာေၾကာင့္ လူရွားပါးျခင္း။
The lords of the spirit world get ready to loose upon the world the demons that seize and eat men, but may only send them out upon lands where these wrong principles prevail.
It is their custom not to send them into lands where the Law is kept, but since these fierce demons are sent out into the lands where these three vile principles are followed, the people there die and disappear.
နတ္မင္းႀကီးတုိ႔သည္ လူတုိ႔ကုိဖမ္းစားတတ္ေသာ ဘီးလူးတုိ႔ကုိ လႊတ္လုိသည္ရွိေသာ္ ဤယုတ္မာေသာတရားသုံးပါး ပြါးမ်ားေသာအရပ္၌သာ လႊတ္ရ၏။ တရားေစာင့္ေသာ အရပ္၌မလႊတ္ရထုံးစံရွိသည့္အတုိင္း ဤယုတ္မာေသာတရားသုံးပါး ပြါးမ်ားေသာ အရပ္ ၌သာ ဘီလူးၾကမ္းတုိ႔ကုိ လႊတ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ လူတုိ႔ေသေၾကပ်က္စီးကုန္ခန္းျခင္း၊
Thus, because of these three vile principles the three types of extermination come upon the people: their towns fall into ruin and revert to forest.
ဤယုတ္မာေသာတရားသုံးပါးေၾကာင့္ လူကုန္ခန္းျခင္းသုံးပါးျဖစ္၍ ၿမိဳ႕ရြာမ်ားပ်က္စီးၿပီး ေတာ ျဖစ္ၾကကုန္၏။
က်မ္းကုိး ---
အဂၤုတၱရနိကာယ၊တိကနိပါတ၊(၆) ၁.ျဗဟၼဏ၀ဂၢ၊ ၆.ပေလာကသုတ္ ႏွာ-၂-၁၆၁
