(1). The device of agreement (Sāma)
Among these seven, the device of Sāma has five modes. This is stated in the books of Nīti and also in the Abhidhanappadipika Commentary.
ထုိခုနစ္ပါးတုိ႔တြင္ ´သာမ´ဥပါယ္၌ ငါးပါးျပား၏ဟု နီတိက်မ္းႏွင့္ အဘိဓါန္ဋီကာ က်မ္းတုိ႔တြင္ ဆုိ၏။
The meaning is: If two people wish to negotiate an agreement, then wise men who know how to exert themselves in the sāma device must use the five methods that are included in it - that is, by exchange of gifts and assistance; by propaganda, building up the reputation of the one who wishes to make the contact; by propaganda again, magnifying the advantages of agreeing to negotiate; after agreement on negotiations has been reached, by praise of the benefits expected from them; by friendly messages from the one who negotiates from a distance, such as "I am at your side". These are known as the five modes of the sāma device.
ေစ့စပ္လုိေသာသူႏွစ္ဦးတုိ႔အခ်င္းခ်င္း တစ္ဦးကုိတစ္ဦး ေပးကမ္း မ,စ ဘူးေသာ ေက်းဇူးတုိ႔ကိုလည္းေကာင္း၊ ေစ့စပ္လုိေသာသူ၏ဂုဏ္ေက်းဇူး လုပ္ေဆာင္ေသာအမႈတို႔ ၌ လည္းေကာင္း၊ေကာင္းျခင္းကုိ ေျပာဆုိျခင္း လည္းေကာင္း၊ ညီၫြတ္ေစ့စပ္ရျခင္း၏ ဂုဏ္ေက်းဇူးကုိ ေကာင္းစြာေျပာၾကားျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ အေစ့ အစပ္ညီၫြတ္ၿပီးေနာင္ အခါ၌ မည္၍မည္မွ်အက်ိဳးရွိမည္ဟု ခ်ီးမြမ္းျခင္းကုိျပျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ၾကားကေစ့စပ္ ေစခုိင္းသူ၏ အေျပာေကာင္းျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ငါသည္ သင္၏အသင္းအပင္းတည္း၊ ဤသုိ႔ေျပာဆုိ၍ မိမိကုိယ္ ကုိ အပ္ႏွံျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ဤသုိ႔ ´သာမ´ဥပါယ္၌ လုံ႔လ ထုတ္နည္းကုိသိကုန္ေသာ ပညာရွိတုိ႔သည္ ´သာမ´ ဥပါယ္ကုိ ငါးပါးအျပားရွိကုန္၏ဟု သမုတ္အပ္ကုန္၏။
Two parties who want to negotiate an agreement through the sāma upāya will speak of benefits and help to be given one to the other, They will praise the good qualities of those who thus negotiate and also the work being done in the negotiations. This is all apart of the sāma upāya.
ဤ´သာမ´ဥပါယ္တုိ႔တြင္ ေစ့စပ္လုိေသာသူႏွစ္ဦးတုိ႔၏ တစ္ဦးကုိတစ္ဦး ေပးကမ္း မ,စဘူးေသာေက်းဇူးကုိ ေဖာ္ထုတ္ေျပာဆုိျခင္း၊ ေစ့စပ္လုိေသာသူ၌ ရွိေသာ ေကာင္းေသာဂုဏ္ကုိ ခ်ီးမြမ္းျခင္း၊ (ေစ့စပ္လုိသူသည္ လုပ္ေဆာင္အပ္ေသာအမႈကိစၥတုိ႔ ကုိ ခ်ီးမြမ္းျခင္း) မ်ားကုိ ´သာမ´ဥပါယ္တစ္ပါးဟု ယူေလ။
Where strengths are equal but an agreed assessment has broken down; where there has been a defeat by an enemy; or where there has been a realisation that there would be a positive advantage from entering into an agreement with another prince - it is in such cases as these that the sāma upāya comes into use. In its use the five modes of which we have spoken are employed.
အင္းအားတူလွ်က္ အညီၫြတ္အစည္းအၾကပ္ ပ်က္ေသာေၾကာင့္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ရန္သူတုိ႔ရႈံးရာ၌လည္းေကာင္း၊ တစ္ပါးေသာမင္းတုိ႔ႏွင့္ အေစ့အစပ္ညီၫြတ္မႈရလွ်င္ မ်ားစြာအက်ိဳးရွိမည္ကုိ သိျမင္သျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ဤအေစ့အစပ္ျပဳျခင္း ´သာမ´ ဥပါယ္ကုိျပဳအပ္၏။ ယင္းသုိ႔ျပဳရာ၌လည္း ဆုိခဲ့ၿပီးေသာ ဤငါးပါးေသာ အျခင္းအရာ တုိ႔ျဖင့္ ျပဳအပ္သည္။
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အဘိဓါနပၸဒီပိကာ ဋီကာ၊ ၂။ ဘူက႑။ ၄။ စတုဗၺဏ္ဏ၀ဂၢ။ ႏွာ-၂၄၂
Among these seven, the device of Sāma has five modes. This is stated in the books of Nīti and also in the Abhidhanappadipika Commentary.
ထုိခုနစ္ပါးတုိ႔တြင္ ´သာမ´ဥပါယ္၌ ငါးပါးျပား၏ဟု နီတိက်မ္းႏွင့္ အဘိဓါန္ဋီကာ က်မ္းတုိ႔တြင္ ဆုိ၏။
The meaning is: If two people wish to negotiate an agreement, then wise men who know how to exert themselves in the sāma device must use the five methods that are included in it - that is, by exchange of gifts and assistance; by propaganda, building up the reputation of the one who wishes to make the contact; by propaganda again, magnifying the advantages of agreeing to negotiate; after agreement on negotiations has been reached, by praise of the benefits expected from them; by friendly messages from the one who negotiates from a distance, such as "I am at your side". These are known as the five modes of the sāma device.
ေစ့စပ္လုိေသာသူႏွစ္ဦးတုိ႔အခ်င္းခ်င္း တစ္ဦးကုိတစ္ဦး ေပးကမ္း မ,စ ဘူးေသာ ေက်းဇူးတုိ႔ကိုလည္းေကာင္း၊ ေစ့စပ္လုိေသာသူ၏ဂုဏ္ေက်းဇူး လုပ္ေဆာင္ေသာအမႈတို႔ ၌ လည္းေကာင္း၊ေကာင္းျခင္းကုိ ေျပာဆုိျခင္း လည္းေကာင္း၊ ညီၫြတ္ေစ့စပ္ရျခင္း၏ ဂုဏ္ေက်းဇူးကုိ ေကာင္းစြာေျပာၾကားျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ အေစ့ အစပ္ညီၫြတ္ၿပီးေနာင္ အခါ၌ မည္၍မည္မွ်အက်ိဳးရွိမည္ဟု ခ်ီးမြမ္းျခင္းကုိျပျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ၾကားကေစ့စပ္ ေစခုိင္းသူ၏ အေျပာေကာင္းျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ငါသည္ သင္၏အသင္းအပင္းတည္း၊ ဤသုိ႔ေျပာဆုိ၍ မိမိကုိယ္ ကုိ အပ္ႏွံျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ဤသုိ႔ ´သာမ´ဥပါယ္၌ လုံ႔လ ထုတ္နည္းကုိသိကုန္ေသာ ပညာရွိတုိ႔သည္ ´သာမ´ ဥပါယ္ကုိ ငါးပါးအျပားရွိကုန္၏ဟု သမုတ္အပ္ကုန္၏။
Two parties who want to negotiate an agreement through the sāma upāya will speak of benefits and help to be given one to the other, They will praise the good qualities of those who thus negotiate and also the work being done in the negotiations. This is all apart of the sāma upāya.
ဤ´သာမ´ဥပါယ္တုိ႔တြင္ ေစ့စပ္လုိေသာသူႏွစ္ဦးတုိ႔၏ တစ္ဦးကုိတစ္ဦး ေပးကမ္း မ,စဘူးေသာေက်းဇူးကုိ ေဖာ္ထုတ္ေျပာဆုိျခင္း၊ ေစ့စပ္လုိေသာသူ၌ ရွိေသာ ေကာင္းေသာဂုဏ္ကုိ ခ်ီးမြမ္းျခင္း၊ (ေစ့စပ္လုိသူသည္ လုပ္ေဆာင္အပ္ေသာအမႈကိစၥတုိ႔ ကုိ ခ်ီးမြမ္းျခင္း) မ်ားကုိ ´သာမ´ဥပါယ္တစ္ပါးဟု ယူေလ။
Where strengths are equal but an agreed assessment has broken down; where there has been a defeat by an enemy; or where there has been a realisation that there would be a positive advantage from entering into an agreement with another prince - it is in such cases as these that the sāma upāya comes into use. In its use the five modes of which we have spoken are employed.
အင္းအားတူလွ်က္ အညီၫြတ္အစည္းအၾကပ္ ပ်က္ေသာေၾကာင့္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ရန္သူတုိ႔ရႈံးရာ၌လည္းေကာင္း၊ တစ္ပါးေသာမင္းတုိ႔ႏွင့္ အေစ့အစပ္ညီၫြတ္မႈရလွ်င္ မ်ားစြာအက်ိဳးရွိမည္ကုိ သိျမင္သျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ဤအေစ့အစပ္ျပဳျခင္း ´သာမ´ ဥပါယ္ကုိျပဳအပ္၏။ ယင္းသုိ႔ျပဳရာ၌လည္း ဆုိခဲ့ၿပီးေသာ ဤငါးပါးေသာ အျခင္းအရာ တုိ႔ျဖင့္ ျပဳအပ္သည္။
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အဘိဓါနပၸဒီပိကာ ဋီကာ၊ ၂။ ဘူက႑။ ၄။ စတုဗၺဏ္ဏ၀ဂၢ။ ႏွာ-၂၄၂