(5). The device of illusion (Māyā)
In the device of illusion, there are very many modes. The Kāmandaki Nīti says:
´မာယာ´မည္ေသာဥပါယ္ကား အမ်ားအျပားရွိ၏။ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ကာမႏၵကီနီတိက်မ္း၌ ဤသုိ႔ ဆုိ၏။
That is to say: Deceptions through people who can get inside the hollow image of a spirit; or of a pillar and make it move; through males who can play a woman in dress; by making impossible marvels appear at night; by appearances of cremations of dead bodies in various places; of demon shapes from out of the earth, or of spirits - such illusions as these are recognised among men as māyā.
နတ္္ရုပ္၊တုိင္းေခါင္းတုိ႔၌၀င္ေနေသာလူတုိ႔ျဖင့္ သြားလာျပဳက်င့္ျခင္းလည္း ေကာင္း။ မိန္းမအ၀တ္၀တ္ေသာ ေယာကၤ်ားလည္းေကာင္း။ ညဥ့္အခါ၌ မျဖစ္စဖူး အံ့ဖြယ္သရဲကုိျပျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း။ အခ်ိဳ႕ေသာအရပ္၌ လူေသကုိဖုတ္သြင္းျခင္း လည္းေကာင္း။ ေျမဘုတ္ဘီးလူး၊ နတ္တုိ႔၏ အဆင္းသဏၭာန္လည္းေကာင္း။ ဤသုိ႔ အစရွိေသာမာယာကုိ လူ၌ျဖစ္ေသာမာယာဟု သိအပ္။ လူတုိ႔ျပဳက်င့္နုိင္၏။
Taking what shape one pleases, creating a real or illusory rain of gunshot or stones; hiding in a pall of mist - such illusions as these too are recognised among men as māyā.
အလုိရွိတုိင္းေသာ ပုံသဏၭာန္ကုိေဆာင္ျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း။မလႊတ္အပ္ေသာလက္နက္မုိး၊ လႊတ္အပ္ေသာ လက္နက္မုိး၊ ေက်ာက္ခဲမုိးရြာျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း။ အမိုက္အေမွာင္၌ပုန္းေအာင္းျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း။ ဤသုိ႔ အစရွိေသာမာယာတုိ႔ ကုိလည္း လူ၌ျဖစ္ေသာမာယာဟု သိအပ္၏။
The meaning of this verse is that there are two types of māyā upāya, the device of illusion: one is that which can be carried out by men, the other that which can only be done by spirits.
အဓိပၸါယ္ကား။ ။ ´မာယာ´မည္ေသာဥပါယ္သည္ လူတုိ႔ျပဳလုပ္နုိင္ေသာ ဥပါယ္၊ နတ္တုိ႔သာျပဳလုပ္နုိင္ေသာ ဥပါယ္ဟူ၍ ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးရွိ၏။
Of these two types, that which can be done by men, is that of the illusions which naturally lie in man's capacity - the other is of those which depend upon charms, spells, incantations and mantras and drugs.
ထုိႏွစ္မ်ိဳးတုိ႔တြင္ လူတုိ႔ျပဳလုပ္နုိင္ေသာဥပါယ္သည္လည္း ပကတိလူတုိ႔ ျပဳ လုပ္နုိင္ေသာမာယာ၊ အင္း၊အုိင္၊ မႏၱာန္၊မႏၱရား၊ေဆး၀ါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ ျပဳလုပ္နုိင္ေသာမာ ယာ ဟူ၍ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးရွိ၏။
Those which men can encompass include using men slim enough to get inside the hollow images of spirits or of the Lord, hollow pillars and hollow trees and making them speak as they will to people who come to worship; dressing men of womanly appearance in woman's dress and sending them into places where men may not go, but women may, in order to spy; in the dark hours of night scaring the enemy by making unheard of and impossible images to appear; producing appearances of earth demons in the enemy's cities and armies, so as to cause panic – such illusions as these are within man's abilities.
ဤႏွစ္မ်ိဳးတုိ႔တြင္ နတ္ရုပ္အေခါင္း၊ဘုရားဆင္းတုအေခါင္း၊ တုိင္ေခါင္း၊ သစ္ေခါင္းတုိ႔၌ ၀င္ေန၍ အနားသုိ႔ လာေရာက္သူမ်ားကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊ တင္ၾကား ပ,သရန္လာေသာသူတုိ႔ကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊ အလုိရွိရာ ေျပာဆုိ ေစျခင္း။ မိန္းမႏွင့္တူ ေသာေယာက်ၤားကုိ မိန္းမလုိ၀တ္ဆင္ေစ၍ ေယာကၤ်ားတုိ႔မ၀င္နုိင္၊ မိန္းမတုိ႔သာ ၀င္ခြင့္ ရနုိင္ေသာ အရပ္မ်ားသုိ႔ ေစလႊတ္ေထာက္လွမ္းျခင္း။ ညဥ့္အခ်ိန္ခါမဲ့၌ တစ္ ဖက္ရန္သူထိတ္လန္႔ေအာင္ မျဖစ္ဘူးၿမဲအံ့ဖြယ္သရဲ အတိတ္နိမိတ္တုိ႔ကုိ ျဖစ္ ေစျခင္း၊ ေျမဘုတ္ဘီလူးရုပ္ပုံသဏၭာန္တုိ႔ကုိ ျပဳလုပ္၍ ညဥ့္အခါ၀ယ္ ရန္သူတုိ႔၏ ၿမိဳ႕တြင္း၊တပ္တြင္း၌ ထိတ္လန္႔ေအာင္ျပျခင္း။ ဤသုိ႔အစရွိေသာမာယာတုိ႔ကား ပကတိလူတုိ႔ျပဳလုပ္နုိင္ေသာ မာယာတုိ႔တည္း။
The ability to change shape at will, to a parrot's or a tiger's, by means of charms, incantations, spells and drugs, and so to get into any place and do whatever one wants; the ability to send upon an enemy's city a shower of weapons or rocks; such illusions as these do not lie within the power of normal people. Only those skilled in the use of charms, incantations and drugs can produce them.
အလုိရွိတုိင္း နာနာဘာ၀၊ အင္း၊ အုိင္၊ မႏၱရား၊ ေဆး၀ါး၊ပေယာဂတုိ႔ျဖင့္ ေက်းေယာင္၊ က်ားေယာင္ေဆာင္ျခင္း အစရွိေသာ ရုပ္ေျပာင္း၊ရုပ္လႊဲ၍ အလုိရွိ ရာအရပ္သုိ႔၀င္ေရာက္ကာ အလုိရွိရာအမႈကုိ ျပဳလုပ္ျခင္း။ ရန္သူတုိ႔၏ ၿမိဳ႕ရြာ၌ လက္နက္မိုး၊ ေက်ာက္ခဲမုိးအစရွိသည္တုိ႔ကုိ ရြာေစျခင္း ဤသို႔အစရွိေသာမာယာ တုိ႔ကား ပကတိလူတုိ႔ မျပဳလုပ္နုိင္။ အင္း၊အုိင္၊မႏၱရား၊ေဆး၀ါးတတ္သူတုိ႔သာ ျပဳ လုပ္နုိင္ေသာမာယာတုိ႔တည္း။
Because he did not think that an attack upon King Utena would succeed, King Candapajjota worked upon the desire of King Utena. He produced a mechanical image of a white elephant and set men inside the body of the elephant to turn the machine so that it seemed to be going about here and there.
When King Utena heard about this, he himself pursued the elephant to capture it. Little by little he was lured into the power of King Candapajjota, and in this way an enemy was defeated by an illusion.
ဥေတနမင္းကုိစစ္တုိက္၍ေအာင္နုိင္မည္မထင္ေသာေၾကာင့္ စ႑ပေဇၨာတမင္းသည္ ဥေတနမင္းအလုိရွိရာသုိ႔ လုိက္ကာ စက္ယႏၱယားျဖင့္ ဆင္ျဖဴရုပ္လုပ္ၿပီး ဆင္၀မ္းတြင္း၌စက္ကုိ လူလွည့္ေစလွ်က္ သြားလာက်က္စားပုံႏွင့္ ျပသည္ကုိ ဥေတနမင္းၾကားလွ်င္ မင္းကုိယ္တုိင္ ဆင္ျဖဴကုိဖမ္းဆီးမည္ဟု လုိက္ရာ တျဖည္း ျဖည္းေသြးေဆာင္ ျမွားေခၚျခင္းျဖင့္ စ႑ပေဇၨာတမင္းလက္သုိ႔ ဥေတနမင္း က်ေရာက္အဖမ္းခံရသည္ကား ´မာယာ´မည္ေသာ ဥပါယ္ျဖင့္ ျပဳလုပ္၍ ရန္ကုိ ေအာင္ျခင္းပင္တည္း။
When King Sivi lost his wits on seeing Ummādantī, the King's general proposed that an approach should be made to ask the spirit guardian of the tree for an answer to what had caused the king to lose his wits and how his wits might be restored.
သိ၀ိမင္းႀကီး ဥမၼာဒႏၱီကုိျမင္၍ စိတ္ေဖာက္ျပန္သြားရာ၊ ယခုမင္းႀကီး၏ စိတ္ ေဖာက္ျပန္ျခင္း ေပ်ာက္ကင္းေအာင္ မည္ကဲ့သုိ႔ျပဳလုပ္ရမည္ကုိ နတ္ေစာင့္သည့္ သစ္ပင္မွာ နတ္ကုိသြား ေမးရလွ်င္ နတ္ကေျပာပါလိမ့္မည္ဟု စစ္သူႀကီးကုိယ္တုိ င္ မင္းႀကီးထံ၀င္၍ တင္ေလွ်ာက္သည္။
The general placed a trusted servant in the hollow of the tree and when the question was asked he replied that King Sivi's wits would be restored if the general's wife, Ummādantī, were given to him. This was an instance of the device of māyā.
နတ္ေစာင့္သည့္သစ္ပင္အေခါင္းတြင္း၌ စစ္သူႀကီး ယုံၾကည္ေလာက္သူကုိ သြင္းထား၍ ေမးေစရာ၊ စစ္သူႀကီး မယား ဥမၼာႏၱီကုိ သိ၀ိမင္းႀကီးသုိ႔ ဆက္သလွ်င္ မင္းႀကီး၏စိတ္ေဖာက္ျပန္ျခင္း ေပ်ာက္ကင္းလိမ့္မည္ဟု ေျပာဆုိ သည့္အရာမ်ားလည္း ´မာယာ´မည္ေသာဥပါယ္ပင္ ျဖစ္သည္။
က်မ္းကုိး ...
ရာဇဓမၼသဂၤဟ၊ ႏွာ-၂၃၄-၅
ဓမၼပဒအ႒ကထာ၊ ၂။အပၸမာဒ၀ဂၢ၊ ၁။ သာမာ၀တီ၀တၳဳ ႏွာ ႒-၁.၁၂၄
ဇာတကအ႒ကထာ၊ ၁၈။ ပဏ္ဏာသနိပါတ္၊ (၅၂၇) ၂။ ဥမၼာဒႏၱီဇာတ္ ႏွာ-႒-၅. ၂၂၈/၂၄၀
In the device of illusion, there are very many modes. The Kāmandaki Nīti says:
´မာယာ´မည္ေသာဥပါယ္ကား အမ်ားအျပားရွိ၏။ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ကာမႏၵကီနီတိက်မ္း၌ ဤသုိ႔ ဆုိ၏။
That is to say: Deceptions through people who can get inside the hollow image of a spirit; or of a pillar and make it move; through males who can play a woman in dress; by making impossible marvels appear at night; by appearances of cremations of dead bodies in various places; of demon shapes from out of the earth, or of spirits - such illusions as these are recognised among men as māyā.
နတ္္ရုပ္၊တုိင္းေခါင္းတုိ႔၌၀င္ေနေသာလူတုိ႔ျဖင့္ သြားလာျပဳက်င့္ျခင္းလည္း ေကာင္း။ မိန္းမအ၀တ္၀တ္ေသာ ေယာကၤ်ားလည္းေကာင္း။ ညဥ့္အခါ၌ မျဖစ္စဖူး အံ့ဖြယ္သရဲကုိျပျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း။ အခ်ိဳ႕ေသာအရပ္၌ လူေသကုိဖုတ္သြင္းျခင္း လည္းေကာင္း။ ေျမဘုတ္ဘီးလူး၊ နတ္တုိ႔၏ အဆင္းသဏၭာန္လည္းေကာင္း။ ဤသုိ႔ အစရွိေသာမာယာကုိ လူ၌ျဖစ္ေသာမာယာဟု သိအပ္။ လူတုိ႔ျပဳက်င့္နုိင္၏။
Taking what shape one pleases, creating a real or illusory rain of gunshot or stones; hiding in a pall of mist - such illusions as these too are recognised among men as māyā.
အလုိရွိတုိင္းေသာ ပုံသဏၭာန္ကုိေဆာင္ျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း။မလႊတ္အပ္ေသာလက္နက္မုိး၊ လႊတ္အပ္ေသာ လက္နက္မုိး၊ ေက်ာက္ခဲမုိးရြာျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း။ အမိုက္အေမွာင္၌ပုန္းေအာင္းျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း။ ဤသုိ႔ အစရွိေသာမာယာတုိ႔ ကုိလည္း လူ၌ျဖစ္ေသာမာယာဟု သိအပ္၏။
The meaning of this verse is that there are two types of māyā upāya, the device of illusion: one is that which can be carried out by men, the other that which can only be done by spirits.
အဓိပၸါယ္ကား။ ။ ´မာယာ´မည္ေသာဥပါယ္သည္ လူတုိ႔ျပဳလုပ္နုိင္ေသာ ဥပါယ္၊ နတ္တုိ႔သာျပဳလုပ္နုိင္ေသာ ဥပါယ္ဟူ၍ ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးရွိ၏။
Of these two types, that which can be done by men, is that of the illusions which naturally lie in man's capacity - the other is of those which depend upon charms, spells, incantations and mantras and drugs.
ထုိႏွစ္မ်ိဳးတုိ႔တြင္ လူတုိ႔ျပဳလုပ္နုိင္ေသာဥပါယ္သည္လည္း ပကတိလူတုိ႔ ျပဳ လုပ္နုိင္ေသာမာယာ၊ အင္း၊အုိင္၊ မႏၱာန္၊မႏၱရား၊ေဆး၀ါးတုိ႔ျဖင့္ ျပဳလုပ္နုိင္ေသာမာ ယာ ဟူ၍ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးရွိ၏။
Those which men can encompass include using men slim enough to get inside the hollow images of spirits or of the Lord, hollow pillars and hollow trees and making them speak as they will to people who come to worship; dressing men of womanly appearance in woman's dress and sending them into places where men may not go, but women may, in order to spy; in the dark hours of night scaring the enemy by making unheard of and impossible images to appear; producing appearances of earth demons in the enemy's cities and armies, so as to cause panic – such illusions as these are within man's abilities.
ဤႏွစ္မ်ိဳးတုိ႔တြင္ နတ္ရုပ္အေခါင္း၊ဘုရားဆင္းတုအေခါင္း၊ တုိင္ေခါင္း၊ သစ္ေခါင္းတုိ႔၌ ၀င္ေန၍ အနားသုိ႔ လာေရာက္သူမ်ားကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊ တင္ၾကား ပ,သရန္လာေသာသူတုိ႔ကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊ အလုိရွိရာ ေျပာဆုိ ေစျခင္း။ မိန္းမႏွင့္တူ ေသာေယာက်ၤားကုိ မိန္းမလုိ၀တ္ဆင္ေစ၍ ေယာကၤ်ားတုိ႔မ၀င္နုိင္၊ မိန္းမတုိ႔သာ ၀င္ခြင့္ ရနုိင္ေသာ အရပ္မ်ားသုိ႔ ေစလႊတ္ေထာက္လွမ္းျခင္း။ ညဥ့္အခ်ိန္ခါမဲ့၌ တစ္ ဖက္ရန္သူထိတ္လန္႔ေအာင္ မျဖစ္ဘူးၿမဲအံ့ဖြယ္သရဲ အတိတ္နိမိတ္တုိ႔ကုိ ျဖစ္ ေစျခင္း၊ ေျမဘုတ္ဘီလူးရုပ္ပုံသဏၭာန္တုိ႔ကုိ ျပဳလုပ္၍ ညဥ့္အခါ၀ယ္ ရန္သူတုိ႔၏ ၿမိဳ႕တြင္း၊တပ္တြင္း၌ ထိတ္လန္႔ေအာင္ျပျခင္း။ ဤသုိ႔အစရွိေသာမာယာတုိ႔ကား ပကတိလူတုိ႔ျပဳလုပ္နုိင္ေသာ မာယာတုိ႔တည္း။
The ability to change shape at will, to a parrot's or a tiger's, by means of charms, incantations, spells and drugs, and so to get into any place and do whatever one wants; the ability to send upon an enemy's city a shower of weapons or rocks; such illusions as these do not lie within the power of normal people. Only those skilled in the use of charms, incantations and drugs can produce them.
အလုိရွိတုိင္း နာနာဘာ၀၊ အင္း၊ အုိင္၊ မႏၱရား၊ ေဆး၀ါး၊ပေယာဂတုိ႔ျဖင့္ ေက်းေယာင္၊ က်ားေယာင္ေဆာင္ျခင္း အစရွိေသာ ရုပ္ေျပာင္း၊ရုပ္လႊဲ၍ အလုိရွိ ရာအရပ္သုိ႔၀င္ေရာက္ကာ အလုိရွိရာအမႈကုိ ျပဳလုပ္ျခင္း။ ရန္သူတုိ႔၏ ၿမိဳ႕ရြာ၌ လက္နက္မိုး၊ ေက်ာက္ခဲမုိးအစရွိသည္တုိ႔ကုိ ရြာေစျခင္း ဤသို႔အစရွိေသာမာယာ တုိ႔ကား ပကတိလူတုိ႔ မျပဳလုပ္နုိင္။ အင္း၊အုိင္၊မႏၱရား၊ေဆး၀ါးတတ္သူတုိ႔သာ ျပဳ လုပ္နုိင္ေသာမာယာတုိ႔တည္း။
Because he did not think that an attack upon King Utena would succeed, King Candapajjota worked upon the desire of King Utena. He produced a mechanical image of a white elephant and set men inside the body of the elephant to turn the machine so that it seemed to be going about here and there.
When King Utena heard about this, he himself pursued the elephant to capture it. Little by little he was lured into the power of King Candapajjota, and in this way an enemy was defeated by an illusion.
ဥေတနမင္းကုိစစ္တုိက္၍ေအာင္နုိင္မည္မထင္ေသာေၾကာင့္ စ႑ပေဇၨာတမင္းသည္ ဥေတနမင္းအလုိရွိရာသုိ႔ လုိက္ကာ စက္ယႏၱယားျဖင့္ ဆင္ျဖဴရုပ္လုပ္ၿပီး ဆင္၀မ္းတြင္း၌စက္ကုိ လူလွည့္ေစလွ်က္ သြားလာက်က္စားပုံႏွင့္ ျပသည္ကုိ ဥေတနမင္းၾကားလွ်င္ မင္းကုိယ္တုိင္ ဆင္ျဖဴကုိဖမ္းဆီးမည္ဟု လုိက္ရာ တျဖည္း ျဖည္းေသြးေဆာင္ ျမွားေခၚျခင္းျဖင့္ စ႑ပေဇၨာတမင္းလက္သုိ႔ ဥေတနမင္း က်ေရာက္အဖမ္းခံရသည္ကား ´မာယာ´မည္ေသာ ဥပါယ္ျဖင့္ ျပဳလုပ္၍ ရန္ကုိ ေအာင္ျခင္းပင္တည္း။
When King Sivi lost his wits on seeing Ummādantī, the King's general proposed that an approach should be made to ask the spirit guardian of the tree for an answer to what had caused the king to lose his wits and how his wits might be restored.
သိ၀ိမင္းႀကီး ဥမၼာဒႏၱီကုိျမင္၍ စိတ္ေဖာက္ျပန္သြားရာ၊ ယခုမင္းႀကီး၏ စိတ္ ေဖာက္ျပန္ျခင္း ေပ်ာက္ကင္းေအာင္ မည္ကဲ့သုိ႔ျပဳလုပ္ရမည္ကုိ နတ္ေစာင့္သည့္ သစ္ပင္မွာ နတ္ကုိသြား ေမးရလွ်င္ နတ္ကေျပာပါလိမ့္မည္ဟု စစ္သူႀကီးကုိယ္တုိ င္ မင္းႀကီးထံ၀င္၍ တင္ေလွ်ာက္သည္။
The general placed a trusted servant in the hollow of the tree and when the question was asked he replied that King Sivi's wits would be restored if the general's wife, Ummādantī, were given to him. This was an instance of the device of māyā.
နတ္ေစာင့္သည့္သစ္ပင္အေခါင္းတြင္း၌ စစ္သူႀကီး ယုံၾကည္ေလာက္သူကုိ သြင္းထား၍ ေမးေစရာ၊ စစ္သူႀကီး မယား ဥမၼာႏၱီကုိ သိ၀ိမင္းႀကီးသုိ႔ ဆက္သလွ်င္ မင္းႀကီး၏စိတ္ေဖာက္ျပန္ျခင္း ေပ်ာက္ကင္းလိမ့္မည္ဟု ေျပာဆုိ သည့္အရာမ်ားလည္း ´မာယာ´မည္ေသာဥပါယ္ပင္ ျဖစ္သည္။
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