7.Martial prowess and mental faculty
We can understand that wisdom is more powerful than strength of arm from how the skylark slew the bull elephant by his cunning and from how men can capture the elephant and make him do what they want.
လက္ရုံးအားထက္ ပညာအားႀကီးေၾကာင္းကုိ ဘီလုံးငွက္၏အႀကံအစည္ျဖင့္ ဆင္ ေျပာင္ႀကီး၏ ေသျခင္းကုိ လည္းေကာင္း၊ဆင္ေျပာင္ႀကီးတုိ႔ကုိ လူတုိ႔သည္ ဖမ္း၍အလုိရွိ ရာ ေစခုိုင္းနုိင္သည္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း ေထာက္ ၍သိအပ္၏။
We can also see how the strength of wisdom ranks above the power of wealth and the other four sources of strength from how King Sūlanībrahmadatta joined in waging war with an hundred kings and how he, with the brahmana Keva¥¥a, was worsted by the learned Mahosadhā.
ေဘာဂဗလအစရွိေသာ အားေလးခုထက္ ပညာအားႀကီးေၾကာင္းကုိ တစ္ရာ ေသာမင္းတုိ႔ႏွင့္ေပါင္းစည္း၍ စစ္ထုိးေသာစူဠဏီျဗဟၼဒတ္မင္း၊ေက၀ဋ္ပုဏ္ဏားတုိ႔သည္ မေဟာသဓာသုခမိန္ကုိရႈံးျခင္းကုိ ေထာက္၍ သိအပ္၏။
These powers are not the only ones that are surpassed by what is called wisdom (paññā). The principles of saddhā (faith), sati (mindfulness), samādhi (concentration), vøriya (Endeavour) and other such virtuous principles are all subordinate to the power of wisdom .
ပညာဟူသည္ ဤအားမ်ားထက္ျမတ္သည္သာမကေသး၊သဒၶါ၊၀ီရိယ၊သတိ၊ သမာဓိ အစရွိေသာ ကုသုိလ္ တရားအေပါင္းတုိ႔ထက္လည္း သာလြန္ကဲျမတ္ေသာ တရား ျဖစ္သည္။
Of all the virtues that brought the Lord to his enlightenment, there are three that are prime; faith, endeavour and wisdom.
ကုသုိလ္တရားအေပါင္းတုိ႔တြင္ ဘုရားအျဖစ္ကုိျဖစ္ေစနုိင္သည္ကား ၀ီရိယ၊သဒၶါ၊ ပညာဟူ၍သုံးပါးရွိကုန္၏။
Out of these three, endeavour is of very high importance -endeavour that drove the future Buddha to enlightenment through sixteen ages and ten thousand worlds.
ထုိသုံးပါးတုိ႔တြင္ ၀ီရိယကုိအေလးအျမတ္ အႀကီးအမႈးျပဳ၍ ဘုရားျဖစ္ေအာင္အား ထုတ္ေသာ၀ီရိယာဓိက ဘုရားေလာင္းသည္ဆယ့္ေျခာက္အသေခၤ်ႏွင့္ ကမၻာ တစ္သိန္းရွိ မွ ဘုရားျဖစ္သည္။
The future Buddha was perfect in the rule of faith which includes alms-giving, charity and detachment from property and he reached his enlightenment through the perfection of faith in eight ages and ten thousand worlds.
လွဴဒါန္းေပးကမ္းစြန္႔ႀကဲေသာသဒၶါတရားႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာသဒၶါဓိကဘုရား ေလာင္း သည္ ရွစ္အသေခၤ်ႏွင့္ ကမၻာ တစ္သိန္း ပါရမီျဖည့္မွ ဘုရားျဖစ္သည္။
In the cultivation of wisdom to reach his enlightenment he strove to win mastery of wisdom through four ages and ten thousand worlds . We believe and know that it was through perfection in these that he won enlightenment.
ဗဟုႆုတအတတ္ပညာကုိအေလးျပဳ၍ ဘုရားျဖစ္ေအာင္အားထုတ္ေသာ ပညာ ဓိကဘုရားေလာင္းသည္ ေလးအသေခၤ်ႏွင့္ကမၻာတစ္သိန္း ပါရမီျဖည့္လွ်င္ပင္ ဘုရားျဖစ္ သည္ကုိေထာက္၍သိအပ္၏။
As we work to obtain the Fruit of the Path, the first among the four stages on the Path (Traditionally the four stages of the Path are: 1. Stage of Entering the Stream, 2. Stage of the Once-Returner, 3. Stage of the Never-Returner, and 4. Stage of the Arahat.), the stage of Stream Attainment, can be reached by discarding scepticism and the illusion of self.
မဂ္ဖုိလ္ကုိရေအာင္ျပဳက်င့္ရာ၌လည္း မဂ္ေလးတန္တုိ႔တြင္ ေရွးဦးဆုံးျဖစ္ေသာ ေသာတာပတၱိမဂ္ကုိ သကၠာယ ဒိ႒ိႏွင့္၀ိစိကိစၧာကုိပယ္မွ ရနုိင္သည္။
But we cannot discard scepticism and the illusion of self just by alms-giving, by establishing a religious life, or by working over the forty subjects for meditation; the branch of industry. They can only be discarded through the ten stages of vipassanā (insight meditation) knowledge (ñana).
ဤသကၠာယဒိိ႒ိႏွင့္ ၀ိစိကိစၧာကုိလည္း အလွဴေပးျခင္း၊ သီလေဆာက္တည္ျခင္း၊ ကမၼ႒ာန္းေလးဆယ္တုိ႔ကုိ စီးျဖန္းပြါးမ်ားျခင္းျဖင့္ မပယ္နိုင္။ ၀ိပႆနာၪာဏ္ (၁၀) ပါးျဖင့္သာ ပယ္နုိင္သည္။
We have to realise that in this world, just as one relying on a sailing ship or a steam ship will travel faster than a row boat or a paddleboat, so knowledge will go ahead of mere endeavour.
ေလာက၌လည္း ၀ီရိယအရာျဖစ္ေသာ ခတ္ေလွ ေလွာ္ေလွမ်ားထက္လြန္ေသာ ရြက္တုိက္ေသာ ေလွသေဘၤာ၊ မီးသေဘၤာတုိ႔ကုိ ေထာက္၍လုံးလ၀ီရိယထက္ ၪာဏ္ ပညာက သာေၾကာင္းသိသာသည္။
In weaving a fabric of wire or cotton or silk, the product of a skilled worker will be many times more valuable than that of an ignorant worker.
သံ၊ ၀ါး၊ ပုိးတုိ႔ကုိ အထည္အလိပ္လုပ္ၾကရာ ၪာဏ္ပညာရွိေသာသူတုိ႔လုပ္ေဆာင္ သည့္အထည္အလိပ္က အဖုိးတန္း အျပန္ျပန္သာလြန္သည္ကုိ ေထာက္၍သိသာသည္။
In the eightieth nipāta, the Mahahaµsa Jātaka, relates how Devadatta urged on King Ajātasatru to use the Nalagīri elephant to attack the Most Excellent Lord while he was living the life of religion in the veluvana Monastery, preaching the good life to spirits, men, Brahmins and all living creatures, and how the Lord's brother, Ānanda, stood in front of the Lord, ready to give his life in his stead; the Jātaka goes on to tell that an earlier age the Buddha of the future, then the Royal Golden Goose, met the great King Saµyama, ruler of vāranasø, and gave these replies to the King's questions:
နတ္၊လူ၊ျဗဟၼာ၊သတၱ၀ါတုိ႔ကုိ ေကာင္းရာေကာင္းေၾကာင္းဆုံးမေတာ္မူတတ္ေသာ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားသည္ ေ၀ဠဳ၀န္ေက်ာင္းေတာ္၌ သီတင္းသုံးေနထုိင္ေတာ္မူစဥ္၊ ေဒ၀ဒတ္ သည္ အဇာတသတ္မင္းသားအား ႏႈိးေဆာ္တုိက္တြန္း၍ နာဠာဂိရိဆင္ျဖင့္ ျမတ္စြာဘု ရားကုိ တုိက္သတ္႐ာ ဘုရားရွင္ေရွ႕မွရပ္လွ်က္ ဘုရားအစား အသက္ကုိစြန္႔ေသာ ညီေတာ္အာနႏၵာကုိေၾကာင္းျပဳကာ ေဟာေတာ္မူအပ္ေသာ အသီတိနိပါတ္၊ မဟာဟံသ ဇာတ္၌ ဘုရားေလာင္းေရႊဟသၤာမင္းသည္ ဗာရာဏသီျပည္ကုိအစုိးရေသာ သံယမ မင္းႀကီးကုိ ေတြ႔၍ ႏႈတ္ခြန္း ဆက္လက္ေမးျမန္းေျဖဆုိၾကသည္ကား …
That is to say: The King asked the Golden Goose, "Can your royal power indeed secure public health? Can you really avoid epidemics? Your people in this Kāsi area are loaded with wealth and jewels; can you truly instruct them through the Law (Dhamma)?"
ဘယ္လုိလဲ သင္မင္းႀကီး၊ က်န္းမာပါ၏ေလာ၊ အနာေရာဂါကင္းပါ၏ေလာ၊ ဥစၥာ၊ ရတနာ၊ ျပည္သူတုိ႔ႏွင့္ ျပည့္စုံစည္ပင္ေသာ ဤကာသိတုိင္းကုိ တရားသျဖင့္ဆုံးမပါ၏ ေလာ။
The royal Golden Goose replied, "My power depends entirely upon health and so the city of the Golden Goose is free from sickness. Through the Law I instruct the city of Kāsi, so filled with wealth, jewels and people, in public health.
ေရႊဟသၤာမင္း၊ ငါ့အား က်န္းမာျခင္းသာလွ်င္ျဖစ္၏။ ထုိ႔ျပင္ အနာေရာဂါလည္း ကင္းပါ၏။ ဥစၥာ၊ရတနာ၊ ျပည္သူတုိ႔ႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံစည္ပင္ေသာ ဤကာသိတုိင္းကုိ ငါသည္ တရားသျဖင့္ ဆုံးမပါ၏။
The King - “Can you, as King, really be sure that there is among your ministers no trace of greed or envy? Can you be sure that your ministers will be prepared to sacrifice their lives without hesitation for your advantage?"
ဘယ္လုိလဲ သင္မင္းႀကီး၊ အမတ္တုိ႔၌ ေတးမွတ္၍ ၿငိဳးထားအပ္ေသာ တစ္စုံတစ္ခုေသာအျပစ္သည္ ရွိေတာ္ မမူပါ၏ေလာ၊ အမတ္တုိ႔သည္ သင္မင္းႀကီး၏ အက်ိဳးစီးပြါးတုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ယုံမွားမရွိ အသက္ကုိ စြန္႔၀ံ့ၾကပါ ကုန္၏ေလာ။
The Golden Goose - "I fully test my ministers and make sure that they have no trace of greed or envy in them. They have been well examined and will, without hesitation, give their lives for my interests."
ငါသည္ အမတ္တုိ႔၌ ေတးမွတ္၍ၿငိဳးထားအပ္ေသာ တစ္စုံတစ္ခုေသာ အျပစ္ သည္ တကယ္မရွိပါ။ ငါ၏ အမတ္တုိ႔သည္ ငါ့အက်ိဳးစီးပြါးေတာ္တုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ တကယ္ ယုံမွား မရွိ အသက္ကုိစြန္႔၀ံ့ၾကပါကုန္၏။
The King - As King, have you truly found a Chief Queen of a line equal to your own, who will pay heed to her lord's words and give a loving answer, who will give you a wealth of sons and daughters to succeed you and who will follow her lord to whatever land he wishes?
ဘယ္လုိလဲ သင္မင္းႀကီး၊ သင္မင္းႀကီးႏွင့္ အမ်ဳိးတူလုိက္ဖက္ေသာ၊ သင္မင္းႀကီး စကားကုိ နားေထာင္ေသာ၊ ခ်စ္ၾကင္နာဖြယ္စကားကုိ ေျပာဆုိတတ္ေသာ၊ သားေတာ္ သမီးေတာ္ အဆင္းလကၡဏာ စည္းစိမ္၊ဥစၥာ၊ အေႁခြအရံႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာ၊ သင္မင္းႀကီး၏ အလုိကုိ လုိက္ေလ်ာေသာ မိဖုရားႀကီးသည္ ရွိပါ၏ေလာ။
The Golden Goose - Indeed I have in truth a Chief Queen who is of a line equal to my own, who takes heed of what I say and who replies lovingly, who provides me with a wealth of sons and daughters and who follows me to whatever land I wish.
ငါႏွင့္ အမ်ဳိးတူလုိက္ဖက္ေသာ၊ ငါ့စကားကုိနားေထာင္ေသာ၊ ခ်စ္ၾကင္နာဖြယ္ စကားကုိ ေျပာဆုိတတ္ေသာ၊ သားေတာ္ သမီးေတာ္ အဆင္းလကၡဏာ စည္းစိမ္၊ဥစၥာ၊ အေႁခြအရံႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာ၊ငါ၏ အလုိကုိ လုိက္ေလ်ာ ေသာ ေခမာမိဖုရားႀကီးသည္ စင္စစ္ ရွိပါ၏။
The King - Do you really manage, as King, to squeeze out, like a sugar cane press squeezing the juice from the cane, the taxes, the fat of the land, the wealth from the people of your lands, without imposing fear upon them? How do you instruct them to pay lawfully, without playing the tyrant?
ဘယ္လုိလဲ သင္မင္းႀကီး၊ သင္မင္းႀကီး အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေသာတုိင္းသူျပည္သားအေပါင္း ကုိ ႀကံၫွစ္ယႏၱယားျဖင့္ ႀကံကုိၫွစ္၍ အရည္ကုိယူသကဲ့သုိ႔ အခြန္၊အစည္၊ ဥစၥာပစၥည္း ကုိ ၫွစ္မယူဘဲ၊ တစ္စုံတစ္ခုေသာ ေဘးဥပါဒ္ကုိ မျဖစ္ေစဘဲ၊ မၫွင္းပန္းမႏွိပ္ဘဲ တရား ႏွင့္အညီ ဆုံးမပါ၏ေလာ။
The Golden Goose - Indeed to get the taxes, the fat of the land and the wealth I do not squeeze the peoples of my lands as a cane press squeezes the cane. I do not put them in fear or play the tyrant. I bring them to agreement following the law.
ငါအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေသာတုိင္းသူျပည္သားအေပါင္းကုိ ႀကံၫွစ္ယႏၱယားျဖင့္ ႀကံကုိၫွစ္၍ အရည္ကုိယူသကဲ့သုိ႔ အခြန္၊ အစည္၊ ဥစၥာပစၥည္း ကုိ ၫွစ္မယူဘဲ၊ တစ္စုံတစ္ခုေသာ ေဘးဥပါဒ္ကုိမျဖစ္ေစဘဲ၊ မၫွင္းပန္းမႏွိပ္ဘဲ တရားႏွင့္ အညီ တကယ္ဆုံးမပါ၏။
The King - Can you truly respect the eminent and virtuous among your scholars and pick them out for promotion? Can you manage to avoid the company of the foolish and the stupid? Could you ever really reject the ways of virtue and follow the way of the wicked?
ဘယ္လုိလဲ မင္းႀကီး၊ သင္မင္းႀကီးသည္ ပညာရွိလူႀကီးလူေကာင္းတုိ႔ကုိ ရုိေသခ်ီး ေႁမွာက္ပါကုန္၏ေလာ၊ လူယုတ္လူႏုပ္တုိ႔ကုိ မေပါင္းမဖက္ၾကဥ္ေရွာင္ပါ၏ေလာ၊ သူေတာ္ ေကာင္းတရား ကင္းမဲ့သည္ကုိျပဳ၍ မသူေတာ္ တရား ေနာက္သုိ႔ အကယ္ စင္စစ္လိုက္ေတာ္မမူဘဲ ရွိပါ၏ေလာ။
The Golden Goose - I promote eminent and virtuous scholars and respect them. I do not associate with fools or the stupid and I avoid them. I follow only the ways of virtue and I reject the ways of the unvirtuous.
ငါသည္ ပညာရွိလူႀကီးလူေကာင္းတုိ႔ကုိ ရုိေသခ်ီး ေႁမွာက္ပါကုန္၏၊ လူယုတ္ လူႏုပ္တုိ႔ကုိ မေပါင္းမဖက္ ၾကဥ္ေရွာင္ပါ၏၊ သူေတာ္ ေကာင္းတရား ကင္းမဲ့သည္ကုိျပဳ၍ မသူေတာ္ တရား ေနာက္သုိ႔ အကယ္ စင္စစ္လိုက္ေတာ္မမူဘဲ ရွိပါ၏။
The King - How should one who is a king, master of the land, and look upon the life that stretches far before him? (This means that nowhere in the world is a man's life secures: before long he will die. He must carry his death in his heart.) If he looks for forgetfulness in drunkenness and sensuality, how can he look to the future without fear?
လယ္ယာေျမကုိ အစုိးရေသာ မင္းျမတ္၊ အနာဂတ္၌ျဖစ္ေသာ ရွည္အံ့ေသာ အသက္ကုိ ၾကည့္ရႈဘိ၏ေလာ။ (လူတုိ႔အသက္မည္သည္ ကမၻာပတ္လုံးတည္၍မေနရ၊ မၾကာျမင့္မီေသရလိမ့္မည္ဟူေသာ မရဏႆတိကုိ ႏွလုံးသြင္းပါ၏ေလာ ဟူလုိ…) ယစ္ မူးအပ္ေသာ ကာမဂုဏ္၌ ေမ့ေလ်ာ့ယစ္မူးသည္ျဖစ္၍ ေနာင္တမလြန္ကုိ မေၾကာက္ဘဲ ရွိပါ၏ေလာ။
The strong-winged royal Golden goose replied - I look at my life far into the future. I am firm in the ten rules of kingship and I have no fear of falling into the four evil states in the future.
ေကာင္းေသာအေတာင္ႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာ ေရႊဟသၤာမင္း၊ ငါသည္ အနာဂတ္၌ ျဖစ္ေသာ ရွည္အံ့ေသာ အသက္ကုိ ၾကည့္ရႈဘိ၏။ မင္းက်င့္တရား (၁၀) ပါးတုိ႔၌တည္ သည္ျဖစ္၍ ေသၿပီးေနာက္ ေနာင္တမလြန္၌ အပါယ္လား မည္ကုိ မေၾကာက္မလန္႔ဘဲ ရွိပါ၏။
(King Samyama, wishing to remind himself more firmly of the ten rules of royal behaviour, repeated the gāthā of dānam, sīlam and the rest, saying - ) "Dāna, the distribution of alms, sīla, the five and the ten points of morality; pariccāga, giving generously a livelihood to the ministers and soldiers; ajjava, never to be deceitful and to be honest and upright; maddava, being gentle and courteous in speech; tapa, making Religion firm; akkodha, bearing hostility and anger against no living creature, treating all as one's own children; avihimsa, having pity for all living creatures, just as for one's own sick children, so as not to oppress them; khantī, refraining from speaking less than respectfully with one's own mouth; aviroddhana, not acting against arahants, monks, laymen, officials and the people of the land."
(မိမိ၌တည္ေသာ မင္းက်င့္တရားဆယ္ပါးကုိ အက်ယ္ျပလုိေသာ သံယမမင္းႀကီး သည္ ဒါနံ သီလံ အစရွိေသာ ဂါထာကုိ မိန္႔ဆုိျပန္သည္။)
အလွဴခံတုိ႔အား လွဴဒါန္းျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ငါးပါးသီလ၊ဆယ္ပါးသီလလည္းေကာင္း၊ မွဴးမတ္၊ရဲမက္၊ လက္နက္ ကုိင္တုိ႔အား မ်ိဳးရိကၡာ ေပးကမ္းေထာက္ပံ့ျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ေကာက္က်စ္စဥ္းလဲျခင္းမရွိ၊ ရုိးသားေျဖာင့္ မတ္ျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ အမူအရာ အေျပာ အဆုိ ႏူးညံ့သိမ္ေမြ႔ျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ဥပုသ္ေဆာက္တည္ ျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ သတၱ၀ါ အေပါင္းကုိ ရင္ႏွစ္သည္းျခာ သားကဲ့သုိ႔ ရန္ၿငိဳးအမ်က္မရွိ ခ်မ္းသာေစျခင္းလည္း ေကာင္း၊ နာမက်န္းျဖစ္ေနေသာသားကုိ မႏွိပ္စက္လုိ သနားသကဲ့သုိ႔ သတၱ၀ါတုိ႔ကုိ သနားျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ကုိယ္ႏႈတ္တုိ႔ျဖင့္ မရွိမေသလြန္က်ဴးသည္ကုိ သည္းခံျခင္း လည္းေကာင္း၊ ရဟန္း၊ရွင္၊လူ၊မွဴးမတ္၊ ျပည္သူတုိ႔ႏွင့္ ဆန္႔က်င္ဘက္မျပဳျခင္းလည္း ေကာင္း။
The Golden Goose -. "For myself, I act thus. I observe these ten established rules of good deeds and for this reason I am loved and of this I am not a little glad."
ဤသုိ႔ ငါ့ကုိယ္၌တည္ကုန္ေသာ မင္းက်င့္တရားဆယ္ပါးတုိ႔ကုိ ေတြ႔ျမင္ေနရ ေသာေၾကာင့္ ငါ့အားႏွစ္သက္ျခင္း ပီတိျဖစ္၏။ အတုိင္းအဆမရွိေသာ ၀မ္းေျမာက္ျခင္း လည္းျဖစ္၏။
If you set these ten rules of royal behaviour firmly in yourself and observe them, you need have no fear of death, or of falling into an evil state in a future life. Besides this you will have a straight course to the country of the spirits, which will be no small cause for gladness - this is the meaning.
ဤမင္းက်င့္တရားဆယ္ပါးကုိ ကုိယ္၌တည္သည္ကုိျမင္ေသာေၾကာင့္ ေသၿပီး ေနာက္ တမလြန္၌ အပါယ္ေလးပါး လားမည္ကုိ မေၾကာက္ရုံသာမက နတ္ရြာသုဂတိကုိ ရမည္ျဖစ္၍ အတုိင္းမသိ ၀မ္းေျမာက္ျခင္းပင္ျဖစ္ေသး၏ ဟူလုိ…
က်မ္းကုိး ...
ပဥၥကနိပါတ္၊ ၃၅၇ (၇)။ လဋဳကိကဇာတ္ ႏွာ-ဇာတကအ႒ကထာ-၃-၁၆၃
၂၂။ မဟာနိပါတ၊ ဥမဂၤဇာတ္ ႏွာ-႒.၆-၂၅၄
စရိယာပိဋက၊ ယုဓဥၨယ၀ဂ္ ႏွာ- ႒-၃၂၀
သီမာ၀ိေသာဓနီပါဌ၊ ၃။နိဗၺာနက႑ ႏွာ-၉၁
ပါထိက၀ဂၢပါဠိ၊ ၁၀။ သဂၤ ီတိသုတ္ ႏွာ-၃-၁၉၁
၁၇။ စတၱာလီသနိပါတ္၊ ၅၂၁ (၁) ေတသကုဏဇာတ္ ႏွာ-၂-၃
ဋီကာေက်ာ္ပါဠိ၊ ႏွာ-၅၊ ၅၈၊ ၆၃၊ ၆၆
ဓမၼသဂၤဏီအ႒ကထာ ႏွာ-၂၀၁-၂
၂၁။ အသီတိနိပါတ္၊ ၅၃၄ (၂)။ မဟာဟံသဇာတ္ ႏွာ-႒-၅-၃၇၇။ ပါဠိေတာ္ ႏွာ-၂-၉၆-၇
We can understand that wisdom is more powerful than strength of arm from how the skylark slew the bull elephant by his cunning and from how men can capture the elephant and make him do what they want.
လက္ရုံးအားထက္ ပညာအားႀကီးေၾကာင္းကုိ ဘီလုံးငွက္၏အႀကံအစည္ျဖင့္ ဆင္ ေျပာင္ႀကီး၏ ေသျခင္းကုိ လည္းေကာင္း၊ဆင္ေျပာင္ႀကီးတုိ႔ကုိ လူတုိ႔သည္ ဖမ္း၍အလုိရွိ ရာ ေစခုိုင္းနုိင္သည္ကုိလည္းေကာင္း ေထာက္ ၍သိအပ္၏။
We can also see how the strength of wisdom ranks above the power of wealth and the other four sources of strength from how King Sūlanībrahmadatta joined in waging war with an hundred kings and how he, with the brahmana Keva¥¥a, was worsted by the learned Mahosadhā.
ေဘာဂဗလအစရွိေသာ အားေလးခုထက္ ပညာအားႀကီးေၾကာင္းကုိ တစ္ရာ ေသာမင္းတုိ႔ႏွင့္ေပါင္းစည္း၍ စစ္ထုိးေသာစူဠဏီျဗဟၼဒတ္မင္း၊ေက၀ဋ္ပုဏ္ဏားတုိ႔သည္ မေဟာသဓာသုခမိန္ကုိရႈံးျခင္းကုိ ေထာက္၍ သိအပ္၏။
These powers are not the only ones that are surpassed by what is called wisdom (paññā). The principles of saddhā (faith), sati (mindfulness), samādhi (concentration), vøriya (Endeavour) and other such virtuous principles are all subordinate to the power of wisdom .
ပညာဟူသည္ ဤအားမ်ားထက္ျမတ္သည္သာမကေသး၊သဒၶါ၊၀ီရိယ၊သတိ၊ သမာဓိ အစရွိေသာ ကုသုိလ္ တရားအေပါင္းတုိ႔ထက္လည္း သာလြန္ကဲျမတ္ေသာ တရား ျဖစ္သည္။
Of all the virtues that brought the Lord to his enlightenment, there are three that are prime; faith, endeavour and wisdom.
ကုသုိလ္တရားအေပါင္းတုိ႔တြင္ ဘုရားအျဖစ္ကုိျဖစ္ေစနုိင္သည္ကား ၀ီရိယ၊သဒၶါ၊ ပညာဟူ၍သုံးပါးရွိကုန္၏။
Out of these three, endeavour is of very high importance -endeavour that drove the future Buddha to enlightenment through sixteen ages and ten thousand worlds.
ထုိသုံးပါးတုိ႔တြင္ ၀ီရိယကုိအေလးအျမတ္ အႀကီးအမႈးျပဳ၍ ဘုရားျဖစ္ေအာင္အား ထုတ္ေသာ၀ီရိယာဓိက ဘုရားေလာင္းသည္ဆယ့္ေျခာက္အသေခၤ်ႏွင့္ ကမၻာ တစ္သိန္းရွိ မွ ဘုရားျဖစ္သည္။
The future Buddha was perfect in the rule of faith which includes alms-giving, charity and detachment from property and he reached his enlightenment through the perfection of faith in eight ages and ten thousand worlds.
လွဴဒါန္းေပးကမ္းစြန္႔ႀကဲေသာသဒၶါတရားႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာသဒၶါဓိကဘုရား ေလာင္း သည္ ရွစ္အသေခၤ်ႏွင့္ ကမၻာ တစ္သိန္း ပါရမီျဖည့္မွ ဘုရားျဖစ္သည္။
In the cultivation of wisdom to reach his enlightenment he strove to win mastery of wisdom through four ages and ten thousand worlds . We believe and know that it was through perfection in these that he won enlightenment.
ဗဟုႆုတအတတ္ပညာကုိအေလးျပဳ၍ ဘုရားျဖစ္ေအာင္အားထုတ္ေသာ ပညာ ဓိကဘုရားေလာင္းသည္ ေလးအသေခၤ်ႏွင့္ကမၻာတစ္သိန္း ပါရမီျဖည့္လွ်င္ပင္ ဘုရားျဖစ္ သည္ကုိေထာက္၍သိအပ္၏။
As we work to obtain the Fruit of the Path, the first among the four stages on the Path (Traditionally the four stages of the Path are: 1. Stage of Entering the Stream, 2. Stage of the Once-Returner, 3. Stage of the Never-Returner, and 4. Stage of the Arahat.), the stage of Stream Attainment, can be reached by discarding scepticism and the illusion of self.
မဂ္ဖုိလ္ကုိရေအာင္ျပဳက်င့္ရာ၌လည္း မဂ္ေလးတန္တုိ႔တြင္ ေရွးဦးဆုံးျဖစ္ေသာ ေသာတာပတၱိမဂ္ကုိ သကၠာယ ဒိ႒ိႏွင့္၀ိစိကိစၧာကုိပယ္မွ ရနုိင္သည္။
But we cannot discard scepticism and the illusion of self just by alms-giving, by establishing a religious life, or by working over the forty subjects for meditation; the branch of industry. They can only be discarded through the ten stages of vipassanā (insight meditation) knowledge (ñana).
ဤသကၠာယဒိိ႒ိႏွင့္ ၀ိစိကိစၧာကုိလည္း အလွဴေပးျခင္း၊ သီလေဆာက္တည္ျခင္း၊ ကမၼ႒ာန္းေလးဆယ္တုိ႔ကုိ စီးျဖန္းပြါးမ်ားျခင္းျဖင့္ မပယ္နိုင္။ ၀ိပႆနာၪာဏ္ (၁၀) ပါးျဖင့္သာ ပယ္နုိင္သည္။
We have to realise that in this world, just as one relying on a sailing ship or a steam ship will travel faster than a row boat or a paddleboat, so knowledge will go ahead of mere endeavour.
ေလာက၌လည္း ၀ီရိယအရာျဖစ္ေသာ ခတ္ေလွ ေလွာ္ေလွမ်ားထက္လြန္ေသာ ရြက္တုိက္ေသာ ေလွသေဘၤာ၊ မီးသေဘၤာတုိ႔ကုိ ေထာက္၍လုံးလ၀ီရိယထက္ ၪာဏ္ ပညာက သာေၾကာင္းသိသာသည္။
In weaving a fabric of wire or cotton or silk, the product of a skilled worker will be many times more valuable than that of an ignorant worker.
သံ၊ ၀ါး၊ ပုိးတုိ႔ကုိ အထည္အလိပ္လုပ္ၾကရာ ၪာဏ္ပညာရွိေသာသူတုိ႔လုပ္ေဆာင္ သည့္အထည္အလိပ္က အဖုိးတန္း အျပန္ျပန္သာလြန္သည္ကုိ ေထာက္၍သိသာသည္။
In the eightieth nipāta, the Mahahaµsa Jātaka, relates how Devadatta urged on King Ajātasatru to use the Nalagīri elephant to attack the Most Excellent Lord while he was living the life of religion in the veluvana Monastery, preaching the good life to spirits, men, Brahmins and all living creatures, and how the Lord's brother, Ānanda, stood in front of the Lord, ready to give his life in his stead; the Jātaka goes on to tell that an earlier age the Buddha of the future, then the Royal Golden Goose, met the great King Saµyama, ruler of vāranasø, and gave these replies to the King's questions:
နတ္၊လူ၊ျဗဟၼာ၊သတၱ၀ါတုိ႔ကုိ ေကာင္းရာေကာင္းေၾကာင္းဆုံးမေတာ္မူတတ္ေသာ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားသည္ ေ၀ဠဳ၀န္ေက်ာင္းေတာ္၌ သီတင္းသုံးေနထုိင္ေတာ္မူစဥ္၊ ေဒ၀ဒတ္ သည္ အဇာတသတ္မင္းသားအား ႏႈိးေဆာ္တုိက္တြန္း၍ နာဠာဂိရိဆင္ျဖင့္ ျမတ္စြာဘု ရားကုိ တုိက္သတ္႐ာ ဘုရားရွင္ေရွ႕မွရပ္လွ်က္ ဘုရားအစား အသက္ကုိစြန္႔ေသာ ညီေတာ္အာနႏၵာကုိေၾကာင္းျပဳကာ ေဟာေတာ္မူအပ္ေသာ အသီတိနိပါတ္၊ မဟာဟံသ ဇာတ္၌ ဘုရားေလာင္းေရႊဟသၤာမင္းသည္ ဗာရာဏသီျပည္ကုိအစုိးရေသာ သံယမ မင္းႀကီးကုိ ေတြ႔၍ ႏႈတ္ခြန္း ဆက္လက္ေမးျမန္းေျဖဆုိၾကသည္ကား …
That is to say: The King asked the Golden Goose, "Can your royal power indeed secure public health? Can you really avoid epidemics? Your people in this Kāsi area are loaded with wealth and jewels; can you truly instruct them through the Law (Dhamma)?"
ဘယ္လုိလဲ သင္မင္းႀကီး၊ က်န္းမာပါ၏ေလာ၊ အနာေရာဂါကင္းပါ၏ေလာ၊ ဥစၥာ၊ ရတနာ၊ ျပည္သူတုိ႔ႏွင့္ ျပည့္စုံစည္ပင္ေသာ ဤကာသိတုိင္းကုိ တရားသျဖင့္ဆုံးမပါ၏ ေလာ။
The royal Golden Goose replied, "My power depends entirely upon health and so the city of the Golden Goose is free from sickness. Through the Law I instruct the city of Kāsi, so filled with wealth, jewels and people, in public health.
ေရႊဟသၤာမင္း၊ ငါ့အား က်န္းမာျခင္းသာလွ်င္ျဖစ္၏။ ထုိ႔ျပင္ အနာေရာဂါလည္း ကင္းပါ၏။ ဥစၥာ၊ရတနာ၊ ျပည္သူတုိ႔ႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံစည္ပင္ေသာ ဤကာသိတုိင္းကုိ ငါသည္ တရားသျဖင့္ ဆုံးမပါ၏။
The King - “Can you, as King, really be sure that there is among your ministers no trace of greed or envy? Can you be sure that your ministers will be prepared to sacrifice their lives without hesitation for your advantage?"
ဘယ္လုိလဲ သင္မင္းႀကီး၊ အမတ္တုိ႔၌ ေတးမွတ္၍ ၿငိဳးထားအပ္ေသာ တစ္စုံတစ္ခုေသာအျပစ္သည္ ရွိေတာ္ မမူပါ၏ေလာ၊ အမတ္တုိ႔သည္ သင္မင္းႀကီး၏ အက်ိဳးစီးပြါးတုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ယုံမွားမရွိ အသက္ကုိ စြန္႔၀ံ့ၾကပါ ကုန္၏ေလာ။
The Golden Goose - "I fully test my ministers and make sure that they have no trace of greed or envy in them. They have been well examined and will, without hesitation, give their lives for my interests."
ငါသည္ အမတ္တုိ႔၌ ေတးမွတ္၍ၿငိဳးထားအပ္ေသာ တစ္စုံတစ္ခုေသာ အျပစ္ သည္ တကယ္မရွိပါ။ ငါ၏ အမတ္တုိ႔သည္ ငါ့အက်ိဳးစီးပြါးေတာ္တုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ တကယ္ ယုံမွား မရွိ အသက္ကုိစြန္႔၀ံ့ၾကပါကုန္၏။
The King - As King, have you truly found a Chief Queen of a line equal to your own, who will pay heed to her lord's words and give a loving answer, who will give you a wealth of sons and daughters to succeed you and who will follow her lord to whatever land he wishes?
ဘယ္လုိလဲ သင္မင္းႀကီး၊ သင္မင္းႀကီးႏွင့္ အမ်ဳိးတူလုိက္ဖက္ေသာ၊ သင္မင္းႀကီး စကားကုိ နားေထာင္ေသာ၊ ခ်စ္ၾကင္နာဖြယ္စကားကုိ ေျပာဆုိတတ္ေသာ၊ သားေတာ္ သမီးေတာ္ အဆင္းလကၡဏာ စည္းစိမ္၊ဥစၥာ၊ အေႁခြအရံႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာ၊ သင္မင္းႀကီး၏ အလုိကုိ လုိက္ေလ်ာေသာ မိဖုရားႀကီးသည္ ရွိပါ၏ေလာ။
The Golden Goose - Indeed I have in truth a Chief Queen who is of a line equal to my own, who takes heed of what I say and who replies lovingly, who provides me with a wealth of sons and daughters and who follows me to whatever land I wish.
ငါႏွင့္ အမ်ဳိးတူလုိက္ဖက္ေသာ၊ ငါ့စကားကုိနားေထာင္ေသာ၊ ခ်စ္ၾကင္နာဖြယ္ စကားကုိ ေျပာဆုိတတ္ေသာ၊ သားေတာ္ သမီးေတာ္ အဆင္းလကၡဏာ စည္းစိမ္၊ဥစၥာ၊ အေႁခြအရံႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာ၊ငါ၏ အလုိကုိ လုိက္ေလ်ာ ေသာ ေခမာမိဖုရားႀကီးသည္ စင္စစ္ ရွိပါ၏။
The King - Do you really manage, as King, to squeeze out, like a sugar cane press squeezing the juice from the cane, the taxes, the fat of the land, the wealth from the people of your lands, without imposing fear upon them? How do you instruct them to pay lawfully, without playing the tyrant?
ဘယ္လုိလဲ သင္မင္းႀကီး၊ သင္မင္းႀကီး အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေသာတုိင္းသူျပည္သားအေပါင္း ကုိ ႀကံၫွစ္ယႏၱယားျဖင့္ ႀကံကုိၫွစ္၍ အရည္ကုိယူသကဲ့သုိ႔ အခြန္၊အစည္၊ ဥစၥာပစၥည္း ကုိ ၫွစ္မယူဘဲ၊ တစ္စုံတစ္ခုေသာ ေဘးဥပါဒ္ကုိ မျဖစ္ေစဘဲ၊ မၫွင္းပန္းမႏွိပ္ဘဲ တရား ႏွင့္အညီ ဆုံးမပါ၏ေလာ။
The Golden Goose - Indeed to get the taxes, the fat of the land and the wealth I do not squeeze the peoples of my lands as a cane press squeezes the cane. I do not put them in fear or play the tyrant. I bring them to agreement following the law.
ငါအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေသာတုိင္းသူျပည္သားအေပါင္းကုိ ႀကံၫွစ္ယႏၱယားျဖင့္ ႀကံကုိၫွစ္၍ အရည္ကုိယူသကဲ့သုိ႔ အခြန္၊ အစည္၊ ဥစၥာပစၥည္း ကုိ ၫွစ္မယူဘဲ၊ တစ္စုံတစ္ခုေသာ ေဘးဥပါဒ္ကုိမျဖစ္ေစဘဲ၊ မၫွင္းပန္းမႏွိပ္ဘဲ တရားႏွင့္ အညီ တကယ္ဆုံးမပါ၏။
The King - Can you truly respect the eminent and virtuous among your scholars and pick them out for promotion? Can you manage to avoid the company of the foolish and the stupid? Could you ever really reject the ways of virtue and follow the way of the wicked?
ဘယ္လုိလဲ မင္းႀကီး၊ သင္မင္းႀကီးသည္ ပညာရွိလူႀကီးလူေကာင္းတုိ႔ကုိ ရုိေသခ်ီး ေႁမွာက္ပါကုန္၏ေလာ၊ လူယုတ္လူႏုပ္တုိ႔ကုိ မေပါင္းမဖက္ၾကဥ္ေရွာင္ပါ၏ေလာ၊ သူေတာ္ ေကာင္းတရား ကင္းမဲ့သည္ကုိျပဳ၍ မသူေတာ္ တရား ေနာက္သုိ႔ အကယ္ စင္စစ္လိုက္ေတာ္မမူဘဲ ရွိပါ၏ေလာ။
The Golden Goose - I promote eminent and virtuous scholars and respect them. I do not associate with fools or the stupid and I avoid them. I follow only the ways of virtue and I reject the ways of the unvirtuous.
ငါသည္ ပညာရွိလူႀကီးလူေကာင္းတုိ႔ကုိ ရုိေသခ်ီး ေႁမွာက္ပါကုန္၏၊ လူယုတ္ လူႏုပ္တုိ႔ကုိ မေပါင္းမဖက္ ၾကဥ္ေရွာင္ပါ၏၊ သူေတာ္ ေကာင္းတရား ကင္းမဲ့သည္ကုိျပဳ၍ မသူေတာ္ တရား ေနာက္သုိ႔ အကယ္ စင္စစ္လိုက္ေတာ္မမူဘဲ ရွိပါ၏။
The King - How should one who is a king, master of the land, and look upon the life that stretches far before him? (This means that nowhere in the world is a man's life secures: before long he will die. He must carry his death in his heart.) If he looks for forgetfulness in drunkenness and sensuality, how can he look to the future without fear?
လယ္ယာေျမကုိ အစုိးရေသာ မင္းျမတ္၊ အနာဂတ္၌ျဖစ္ေသာ ရွည္အံ့ေသာ အသက္ကုိ ၾကည့္ရႈဘိ၏ေလာ။ (လူတုိ႔အသက္မည္သည္ ကမၻာပတ္လုံးတည္၍မေနရ၊ မၾကာျမင့္မီေသရလိမ့္မည္ဟူေသာ မရဏႆတိကုိ ႏွလုံးသြင္းပါ၏ေလာ ဟူလုိ…) ယစ္ မူးအပ္ေသာ ကာမဂုဏ္၌ ေမ့ေလ်ာ့ယစ္မူးသည္ျဖစ္၍ ေနာင္တမလြန္ကုိ မေၾကာက္ဘဲ ရွိပါ၏ေလာ။
The strong-winged royal Golden goose replied - I look at my life far into the future. I am firm in the ten rules of kingship and I have no fear of falling into the four evil states in the future.
ေကာင္းေသာအေတာင္ႏွင့္ျပည့္စုံေသာ ေရႊဟသၤာမင္း၊ ငါသည္ အနာဂတ္၌ ျဖစ္ေသာ ရွည္အံ့ေသာ အသက္ကုိ ၾကည့္ရႈဘိ၏။ မင္းက်င့္တရား (၁၀) ပါးတုိ႔၌တည္ သည္ျဖစ္၍ ေသၿပီးေနာက္ ေနာင္တမလြန္၌ အပါယ္လား မည္ကုိ မေၾကာက္မလန္႔ဘဲ ရွိပါ၏။
(King Samyama, wishing to remind himself more firmly of the ten rules of royal behaviour, repeated the gāthā of dānam, sīlam and the rest, saying - ) "Dāna, the distribution of alms, sīla, the five and the ten points of morality; pariccāga, giving generously a livelihood to the ministers and soldiers; ajjava, never to be deceitful and to be honest and upright; maddava, being gentle and courteous in speech; tapa, making Religion firm; akkodha, bearing hostility and anger against no living creature, treating all as one's own children; avihimsa, having pity for all living creatures, just as for one's own sick children, so as not to oppress them; khantī, refraining from speaking less than respectfully with one's own mouth; aviroddhana, not acting against arahants, monks, laymen, officials and the people of the land."
(မိမိ၌တည္ေသာ မင္းက်င့္တရားဆယ္ပါးကုိ အက်ယ္ျပလုိေသာ သံယမမင္းႀကီး သည္ ဒါနံ သီလံ အစရွိေသာ ဂါထာကုိ မိန္႔ဆုိျပန္သည္။)
အလွဴခံတုိ႔အား လွဴဒါန္းျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ငါးပါးသီလ၊ဆယ္ပါးသီလလည္းေကာင္း၊ မွဴးမတ္၊ရဲမက္၊ လက္နက္ ကုိင္တုိ႔အား မ်ိဳးရိကၡာ ေပးကမ္းေထာက္ပံ့ျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ေကာက္က်စ္စဥ္းလဲျခင္းမရွိ၊ ရုိးသားေျဖာင့္ မတ္ျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ အမူအရာ အေျပာ အဆုိ ႏူးညံ့သိမ္ေမြ႔ျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ဥပုသ္ေဆာက္တည္ ျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ သတၱ၀ါ အေပါင္းကုိ ရင္ႏွစ္သည္းျခာ သားကဲ့သုိ႔ ရန္ၿငိဳးအမ်က္မရွိ ခ်မ္းသာေစျခင္းလည္း ေကာင္း၊ နာမက်န္းျဖစ္ေနေသာသားကုိ မႏွိပ္စက္လုိ သနားသကဲ့သုိ႔ သတၱ၀ါတုိ႔ကုိ သနားျခင္းလည္းေကာင္း၊ ကုိယ္ႏႈတ္တုိ႔ျဖင့္ မရွိမေသလြန္က်ဴးသည္ကုိ သည္းခံျခင္း လည္းေကာင္း၊ ရဟန္း၊ရွင္၊လူ၊မွဴးမတ္၊ ျပည္သူတုိ႔ႏွင့္ ဆန္႔က်င္ဘက္မျပဳျခင္းလည္း ေကာင္း။
The Golden Goose -. "For myself, I act thus. I observe these ten established rules of good deeds and for this reason I am loved and of this I am not a little glad."
ဤသုိ႔ ငါ့ကုိယ္၌တည္ကုန္ေသာ မင္းက်င့္တရားဆယ္ပါးတုိ႔ကုိ ေတြ႔ျမင္ေနရ ေသာေၾကာင့္ ငါ့အားႏွစ္သက္ျခင္း ပီတိျဖစ္၏။ အတုိင္းအဆမရွိေသာ ၀မ္းေျမာက္ျခင္း လည္းျဖစ္၏။
If you set these ten rules of royal behaviour firmly in yourself and observe them, you need have no fear of death, or of falling into an evil state in a future life. Besides this you will have a straight course to the country of the spirits, which will be no small cause for gladness - this is the meaning.
ဤမင္းက်င့္တရားဆယ္ပါးကုိ ကုိယ္၌တည္သည္ကုိျမင္ေသာေၾကာင့္ ေသၿပီး ေနာက္ တမလြန္၌ အပါယ္ေလးပါး လားမည္ကုိ မေၾကာက္ရုံသာမက နတ္ရြာသုဂတိကုိ ရမည္ျဖစ္၍ အတုိင္းမသိ ၀မ္းေျမာက္ျခင္းပင္ျဖစ္ေသး၏ ဟူလုိ…
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ပဥၥကနိပါတ္၊ ၃၅၇ (၇)။ လဋဳကိကဇာတ္ ႏွာ-ဇာတကအ႒ကထာ-၃-၁၆၃
၂၂။ မဟာနိပါတ၊ ဥမဂၤဇာတ္ ႏွာ-႒.၆-၂၅၄
စရိယာပိဋက၊ ယုဓဥၨယ၀ဂ္ ႏွာ- ႒-၃၂၀
သီမာ၀ိေသာဓနီပါဌ၊ ၃။နိဗၺာနက႑ ႏွာ-၉၁
ပါထိက၀ဂၢပါဠိ၊ ၁၀။ သဂၤ ီတိသုတ္ ႏွာ-၃-၁၉၁
၁၇။ စတၱာလီသနိပါတ္၊ ၅၂၁ (၁) ေတသကုဏဇာတ္ ႏွာ-၂-၃
ဋီကာေက်ာ္ပါဠိ၊ ႏွာ-၅၊ ၅၈၊ ၆၃၊ ၆၆
ဓမၼသဂၤဏီအ႒ကထာ ႏွာ-၂၀၁-၂
၂၁။ အသီတိနိပါတ္၊ ၅၃၄ (၂)။ မဟာဟံသဇာတ္ ႏွာ-႒-၅-၃၇၇။ ပါဠိေတာ္ ႏွာ-၂-၉၆-၇